<html>Which of the following is equivalent to the expression below?<br /><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"><span class="AMedit">` (x^2 - 3x + 1) - (4x - 2)`</span> <br /></div>A. <span class="AM">` x^2 - 7x - 1`</span> <br /><br />B. <span class="AM">` x^2 - 7x + 3`</span> <br /><br />C. <span class="AM">` -3x^2 -3x + 3`</span> <br /><br />D. <span class="AM">` x^2 + 12x + 2`</span> <br /><br /><<slider AlgQuest "Algebra Question Solution" solution "Click para revelar la solución.">><br /></html>
<html>Simplifying the expression:<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`(x^2 -3x + 1) - (4x - 2) = x^2 - 3x + 1 - 4x + 2`</span> <br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <span class="AM">` = x^2 -3x -4x + 1 + 2`</span> <br /><span class="AM">`= x^2 -7x +3`</span> <br /><div style="text-align: left;">The answer is<span style="font-weight: bold;"> B</span>. The tricky part of this question is knowing that<br /><div style="text-align: center;"> <span class="AM">` -(4x - 2) = -4x + 2`</span> <br /></div></div></div><span class="AM"></span></html>
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<html>En esta sección encontrarás apuntes por tema de la materia.<br /><br />[[Tema 1. Cámpo y potencial eléctricos|tema1]]<br />[[Tema 2. Capacitancia y dieléctricos|tema2]]<br />[[Tema 3. Circuitos eléctricos|tema3]]<br />[[Tema 4. Magnetostática|tema4]]<br />Tema 5. Inducción electromagnética<br />Tema 6. Propiedades eléctricas de la materia<br /></html>
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<html><p><font size="2">Para ayuda visualizando las fórmulas matemáticas, visita la siguiente página:<br /><br />[[Página de soporte en el Departamento de Electricidad y Magnetismo|http://dcb.fi-c.unam.mx/CoordinacionesAcademicas/FisicaQuimica/ElectricidadMagnetismo/ayuda.html]]</font></p><p><font size="2">© UNAM 2009. Departamento de Electricidad y Magnetismo. Todos los </font><a href="http://www.edicion.unam.mx/html/4_6.html" target="_blank"><font size="2">derechos reservados</font></a><font size="2">. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Prohibida su reproducción parcial o total para fines de lucro</span>.<br /><br /></font></p></html>
<html><font size="2">Este sitio provee recursos para apoyar a los alumnos de la materia de la Facultad de Ingeniería en su aprendizaje de la materia de Electricidad y Magnetismo.<br />Aqui podrán encontrar apuntes y ejercicios con los cuales probarán y reforzarán sus conocimientos sobre los temas más básicos de la materia.<br />Este wiki apenas comienza, tus comentarios y sugerencias son de mucha ayuda para mejorar.</font><br /><br />!Últimas Adiciones<br /><font size="1">27 de Marzo 2009.</font><font size="2"><br />Se han agregado 2 apuntes más: [[Energía potencial]] y [[Potencial eléctrico]]. Además del [[Problema A-3]].</font><br /><br /><br /></html>
<html><font size="2">!Definición<br /></font><div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Es el modelo que define la interacción entre cuerpos y sistemas con propiedades de naturaleza eléctrica. Matemáticamente se define como un campo vectorial en el cual una carga eléctrica puntual de valor "q" sufrirá los efectos de una fuerza "F" que vendrá dada por la siguiente ecuación:<br /></font></div><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`vecF=qvecE`</span><br /></font> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Observamos de la ecuación anterior que el campo eléctrico no es directamente medible, solo a través de la medición de la fuerza eléctrica actuante sobre una carga. El concepto de campo eléctrico fué introducido por primera vez por Michael Faraday<br />El campo eléctrico en un punto <span class="AM">` p`</span> puede ser definido como:<br /></font></div><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`vecE=1/(4pi epsilon) q/r^2 hatr`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Donde:<br /></font><ul><li><font size="2"><span class="AM">`q`</span> es la carga de la partícula creando el campo eléctrico.</font></li><li><font size="2"><span class="AM">`r`</span> es la distancia de la partícula cargada al punto de evaluación.</font></li><li><font size="2"><span class="AM">`hatr`</span> es el vector unitario apuntando de la partícula cargada al punto de evaluación.</font></li><li><font size="2"><span class="AM">`epsilon`</span> es la permitividad del medio (<span class="AM">` epsilon=epsilon_0 xx epsilon_r`</span> ).</font></li></ul><font size="2">!Representación gráfica<br />Una forma de representar gráficamente el campo eléctrico como un campo vectorial, con líneas vectoriales o líneas de campo. Usualmente representado en 2 dimensiones aunque a veces en 3D, usualmente solo se representan unas cuantas líneas de campo, ya que existen una infinidad de ellas.<br />La líneas de campo son perpendiculares a la superficie del cuerpo que las genera.<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2">[img[./images/elecfi02.jpg]]<br /></font></div><font size="2">En la imagen observamos dos cargas una positiva y una negativa y como interactuan los campos eléctricos por medio de las líneas de campo.<br /><br />!Principio de superposición<br />En el caso de que se tenga un conjunto de varias cargas que tienen posiciones fijas,se puede usar el principio de superposición, que nos permite descomponer el cálculo en varios subcálculos, uno por cada partícula cargada que exista; para al final sumar todos los efectos en una "superposición" final.<br />Empezaremos con el caso de 2 partículas. Supongamos que se tienen 2 cargas eléctricas <span class="AM">` q_1`</span> y <span class="AM">` q_2`</span> en posiciones mostradas en la siguiente figura:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2">[img[./images/elecfi04.jpg]]<br /></font></div><font size="2">Ahora si colocamos una carga <span class="AM">` Q`</span> en el punto <span class="AM">` A`</span>, necesitamos saber que campo eléctrico experimenta la carga <span class="AM">` Q`</span> debido a las otras dos cargas. Para saberlo debemos primero calcular la fuerza experimentada por la carga debido a las otras dos, entonces usando la Ley de Coulomb.<br /><span class="AM"></span></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`vecF_1=k(q_1Q)/r_1^2 hatr_1`</span> y <span class="AM">`vecF_2=k(q_2Q)/r_2^2 hatr_2`</span><br /></font> </div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Donde <span class="AM">` hatr_1`</span> y <span class="AM">` hatr_2`</span> son los vectores unitarios que van de la carga <span class="AM">` q_1`</span> y <span class="AM">` q_2`</span> a <span class="AM">` Q`</span><span class="AM">` Q`</span> es la <span style="font-weight: bold;">suma vectorial</span> de las fuerzas <span class="AM">` vecF_1`</span> y <span class="AM">` vecF_2`</span>.<br /></font> respectivamente. La fuerza total que experimenta la carga <div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`vecF=vecF_1+vecF_2`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">por lo que tenemos:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`vecF=k(q_1Q)/r_1^2 hatr_1 + k(q_2Q)/r_2^2 hatr_2`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2"><span class="AM"></span>Nos damos cuenta que <span class="AM">` Q`</span> es factor común en la ecuación anterior por lo que:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`F=Q[k(q_1/r_1^2)hatr_1+k(q_2/r_2^2)hatr_2]`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Como definimos al principio de este apunte:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`vecF=QvecE`</span> ó <span class="AM">` vecE=vecF/Q`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Entonces:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`vecE=k[(q_1/r_1^2)hatr_1+(q_2/r_2^2)hatr_2]`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Observamos que el campo eléctrico total observado en la ecuación anterior es la suma de los campos eléctricos generados individualmente en el punto <span class="AM">` A`</span> por cada carga <span class="AM">` q`</span> , por lo tanto para el caso de <span class="AM">` N`</span> cargas obtendremos:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`vecE_A=sum_(i=1)^N k(q_i/r_i^2) hatr_i`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Y si se desea obtener la fuerza eléctrica en el punto <span class="AM">` A`</span> podemos usar la siguiente ecuación:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`vecF_A=Q*vecE_A`</span></font> <br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;">[[<< Anterior|Constante de Coulomb]] <br /></div></div></div><br /><br /></html>
<html><font size="2">Capacitancia o capacidad eléctrica es la medida de la capacidad de un dispositivo eléctrico para almacenar carga y energía potencial eléctrica. Se define como:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`C=Q/V`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Y sus unidades son:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`{"Unidades de la Capacitancia"}="Coulomb"/"Volt"="Farad"`</span></font> <br /></div><font size="2">Cabe destacar que la capacidad es siempre una cantidad positiva y que depende de la geometría del [[capacitor|Capacitor]] considerado (de placas paralelas, cilíndrico, esférico). Otro factor del que depende es del dieléctrico que se introduzca entre las dos superficies del condensador. Cuanto mayor sea la constante diléctrica del material no conductor introducido, mayor es la capacidad</font><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">[[<< Anterior|Dieléctrico]] [[Siguiente >>|Capacitor]]<br /></div></html>
<html><font size="2">Un capacitor, también conocido como <span style="font-weight: bold;">condensador</span>, es el dispositivo físico que posee la propiedad eléctrica denominada capacitancia y se compone básicamente de 2 placas conductoras paralelas, separadas por un aislante denominado [[dieléctrico|Dieléctrico]].<br /><br />Los capacitores, al igual que los [[resistores|Resistor]] y los [[inductores|Inductor]] son elementos importantes que se encuentran en los circuitos eléctricos y electrónicos. Estos dispositivos, son conocidos como elementos (o componentes) pasivos. En el caso de los capacitores, su función es únicamente almacenar energía eléctrica.<br /><br />Si a las placas que componen al capacitor se les aplica una diferencia de potencial ó voltaje por medio de unas pilas o una fuente, al incrementar en voltaje <span class="AM">` V`</span> la carga <span class="AM">` Q`</span> <span class="AM"></span>al potencial <span class="AM">` V`</span> producido, será una constante para un material conductor dado, Esta razón refleja la capacidad del capacitor para almacenar carga y se llama capacitancia <span class="AM">` C`</span>.<br /><br />La cantidad de carga que puede colocarse en un conductor está limitada por la [[rigidez dieléctrica|Rigidez dieléctrica]] del medio que se encuentra entre las placas del capacitor.</font> <br /></html>
<html>Consideremos dos placas planas paralelas metálicas, cada una de área <span class="AM">` A`</span>, separadas una distancia <span class="AM">` d`</span>. Si colocamos en una de las placas una carga eléctrica positiva <span class="AM">` +q`</span> y en la otra una carga eléctrica negativa <span class="AM">` -q`</span>{{{;}}} la carga depositada en cada placa se distribuirá a lo largo de toda la superficie, hasta que en equilibrio las caras de las placas que están una frente a la otra son las que quedan cargadas con densidad superficial uniforme <span class="AM">` sigma`</span> dada por:<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM"></span><span class="AM">`sigma=|q|/A`</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">(1)</span><br /></div>Si calculamos el campo eléctrico <span class="AM">` vecE`</span> que se crea entre las placas, observaremos que lejos de los bordes de las placas el campo eléctrico es uniforme, tiene dirección perpendicular a las placas y sentido de la placa positiva a la negativa.<br /><br />Solo resta obtener la magnitud del campo <span class="AM">` vecE`</span>. Mediante la [[Ley de Gauss]] encontramos que:<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`|vecE|=|sigma|/epsilon_0`</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">(2)</span><br /></div>Sustituyendo la densidad superficial de carga dada por la ecuación <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">1</span> en la ecuación anterior, obtenemos:<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`|vecE|=|q|/(epsilon_0 A)`</span> <br /></div>Para calcular el potencial producido en la región entre las placas, debemos de elegir un sistema de coordenadas con el eje <span class="AM">` X`</span> perpendicular a las placas y el orígen en la placa positiva. Como el campo eléctrico es uniforme podemos utilizar <br /><br /><br /><br /></html>
<html><font size="2">Propiedad intrínseca de algunas partículas subatómicas que determina sus interacciones electromagnéticas. La materia con carga eléctrica genera (y es influenciada por) campos electromagnéticos. La interacción entre cargas y campos eléctricos se manifiesta atraves de la fuerza eléctrica, que es una de la cuatro fuerzas fundamentales.<br /><br />La carga eléctrica es de naturaleza discreta; los electrones se les asigna una carga de -1 o <span class="AM">` -e`</span> y a los protones una carga de +1 o <span class="AM">`+e`</span> .<br /><br />!Unidades<br />En el [[Sistema Internacional de Unidades|http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/]] la unidad de carga eléctrica se denomina Coulomb <span class="AM">` [C]`</span> que equivale a aproximadamente <span class="AM">` 6.25xx10^18`</span><span class="AM">` e`</span>, por lo tanto la carga de un electrón equivale a <span class="AM">` -1.602xx10^-19`</span><span class="AM">` C`</span><span class="AM">` Q`</span> (o a veces <span class="AM">` q`</span>) usualmente se usa para denotar la cantidad de carga eléctrica. La carga eléctrica puede ser medida por medio de un electrómetro.<br /><br />!Principio de Conservación de carga.<br />La carga eléctrica de un sistema aislado permanece constante independientemente de los cambios dentro del sistema mismo<br /><br />!Cuantización de la carga.<br />La carga eléctrica no es contínua, esto es, no es posible que tome valores arbitrarios, si no que los valores que puede adquirir son múltiplos enteros de una cierta carga eléctrica mínima (el electrón).</font> Coulombs. El símbolo <br /><br /><div style="text-align: right;">[[Siguiente >>|Carga lineal]]<br /></div><br />\n</html>
<html><font size="2">A pesar de que las [[cargas eléctricas|Carga eléctrica]] son cuantizadas (múltiplos de una carga elemental) en ocasiones las cargas eléctricas en un cuerpo están tan cercanas entre sí, que se puede suponer que están distribuidas de manera uniforme por el cuerpo del cual forman parte.<br />Existen 3 tipos de densidad de carga eléctrica: lineal, superficial y volumétrica.<br /><br />!Densidad de carga lineal<br />Se usa en cuerpos lineales; como hilos, alambres cables, etc.<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`lambda=Q/L`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Donde <span class="AM">` Q`</span> es la carga del cuerpo y <span class="AM">` L`</span> es la longitud. Sus unidades son <span class="AM">` C/m`</span></font> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">[[<< Anterior|Carga eléctrica]] [[Siguiente >>|Carga superficial]]<br /></div><h1><br /></h1></html>
<html><font size="2">Este tipo de distribución se emplea para superficies, como planchas de papel o metal.<br />Su expresión es.<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`sigma=Q/S`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Donde <span class="AM">` Q`</span> es la carga del cuerpo y <span class="AM">` S`</span> es la superficie. Sus unidades son <span class="AM">` C/m^2`</span></font> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">[[<< Anterior|Carga lineal]] [[Siguiente >>|Carga volumétrica]]<br /></div></div></div></html>
<html><font size="2">Este tipo de densidad de carga eléctrica se utiliza en cuerpos con volumen. Su expresión es:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`rho=Q/V`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: left;"><font size="2">Donde <span class="AM">` Q`</span> es la carga eléctrica del cuerpo y <span class="AM">` V`</span> el volúmen. Sus unidades son <span class="AM">` C/m^3`</span></font> <br /><br />[[<< Anterior|Carga superficial]] [[Siguiente >>|Ley de Coulomb]]<br /></div></div></html>
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<html><div style="text-align: justify;">\n<font size="2">La constante de Coulomb o <span class="AM">` k`</span> es la constante de proporcionalidad en la [[Ley de Coulomb]] y su valor depende de las propiedades del medio, se calcula de la siguiente manera:<br /></font></div><font size="2"><span class="AM"></span></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`k=1/(4pi epsilon)`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Siendo sus unidades en el Sistema Internacional, Newton-metro cuadrado por Coulomb cuadrado:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`(Nm^2)/C^2`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: left;"><font size="2">A su vez la constante <span class="AM">` epsilon`</span> (epsilon) es igual a <span class="AM">` epsilon=epsilon_0 epsilon_r`</span> donde <span class="AM">` epsilon_0=8.85xx10^(-12) (Farads)/(metro)`</span> es la permitividad del vacío y <span class="AM">` epsilon_r`</span> es la permitividad relativa del medio que se introduce cuando el medio que rodea las cargas es diferente del vacío.<br />Algunos valores de permitividad son:</font><br /><br /><table border="2" align="absmiddle" style="width: 95%;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Material<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`epsilon_r`</span> <br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`epsilon [F/m]`</span> <br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`k [(Nm^2)/C^2]`</span> <br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Vacío<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">1<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`8.85xx10^(-12)`</span> <br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`9xx10^9`</span> <br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Aire<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">1.0006<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`8.86xx10^(-12)`</span> <br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`8.98xx10^9`</span> <br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Parafina<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">2.1-2.2<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`1.9xx10^(-11)`</span> <br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`4.16xx10^9`</span> <br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Mica<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">6-7<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`5.76xx10^(-11)`</span> <br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`1.38xx10^9`</span> <br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Poliestireno<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">1.05<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`9.3xx10^(-12)`</span> <br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`8.56xx10^9`</span> <br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Baquelita<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">3.8-5<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`3.9xx10^(-11)`</span> <br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`2.04xx10^9`</span> <br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Vidrio<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">5.5-10<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`6.86xx10^(-11)`</span> <br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`1.16xx10^9`</span> <br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Mármol<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">7.5-10<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`7.75xx10^(-11)`</span> <br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`1.03xx10^9`</span> <br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Ebonita<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">2.5-3<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`2.43xx10^(-11)`</span> <br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`3.27xx10^9`</span> <br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Porcelana<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">5.5-6.5<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`5.31xx10^(-11)`</span> <br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`1.5xx10^9`</span> <br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Politileno<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">2.7<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`2.39xx10^(-11)`</span> <br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`3.33xx10^9`</span> <br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: center;">[[<< Anterior|Ley de Coulomb]] [[Siguiente>>|Campo eléctrico]]<br /></div></div></div></div></div></html>
[[Welcome]]\n[[Algebra Question]]\n[[Geometry Question]]
<html>!Corriente eléctrica<br /></html>
[[Bienvenidos]]
<html><font face="Arial, Arial, Helvetica" size="2"><font face="Arial">Un dieléctrico es una sustancia aislante en la cual puede existir un campo eléctrico en estado estacionario. Esta sustancia tiene como principales características eléctricas su permitividad y su poder de aislamiento. <br /><br />Los dieléctricos más usados son el vidrio, cerámica, goma, papel, madera, porcelana, mica, algunas grasas y plásticos.<br /><br /></font></font><div style="text-align: right;"><font face="Arial, Arial, Helvetica" size="2"><font face="Arial">[[Siguiente >>|Capacitancia]]</font></font><br /></div></html>
<html><font size="2">Como vimos anteriormente la [[energía potencial|Energía potencial]] puede ser definida como:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`DeltaU=U_2-U_1=-W(1->2)`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Ademas de que el [[trabajo|Potencial eléctrico]] realizado al mover una partícula de un punto <span class="AM">` 1`</span> a el punto <span class="AM">` 2`</span> a través de un campo eléctrico generado por una distribución de cargas eléctricas es:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`W(1->2)=Q int_1^2 vecE(r)*dvecr`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Y además, el potencial <span class="AM">` V`</span> fué definido como la energía potencial <span class="AM">` U`</span> por unidad de carga <span class="AM">` Q`</span><br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`V=U/Q`</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"> (A)</span><br /></font></div><font size="2">Si combinamos las 3 ecuaciones anteriores, podemos obtener la diferencia de potencial <span class="AM">` DeltaV`</span> entre dos puntos arbitrarios <span class="AM">` 1`</span> y <span class="AM">` 2`</span> es:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`DeltaV=V_2-V_1=U_2/Q-U_1/Q`</span><br /></font> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`=-int_1^2 vecE(r)*dvecr`</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"> (B)</span><br /></font></div><font size="2"><br />Por lo tanto el trabajo queda como:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`W(1->2)=Q(V_1-V_2)`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">La ecuación <span style="font-weight: bold;">B</span> nos da la diferencia de potencial <span class="AM">` DeltaV`</span> que existe entre los puntos 1 y 2 del espacio. Cabe notar que la diferencia de potencial solamente depende de la distribución decargas que crean el campo eléctrico <span class="AM">` vecE`</span><span class="AM"></span>. Esto debido a la propiedad conservativa del campo eléctrico.<span class="AM"></span><br />Si además el valor de la energía potencial <span class="AM">` U`</span> asociada a una carga <br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`U(r)=k(qQ)/r`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">La sustituimos en la ecuación A, encontramos que el potencial producido en un punto a una distancia <span class="AM">` r`</span> de la carga <span class="AM">` q `</span> es:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`V(r)=1/Q k qQ/r=kq/r`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2"><br />De la ecuación A observamos que las dimensiones tanto de la FEM como del potencial son las mismas, ya que ambos son cocientes de energía entre carga eléctrica. Siendo las unidades en el SI, el Joule dividido entre Coulomb, cociente que conoce como el Volt.<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`{"Unidades de Potencial"}="Joule"/"Coulmb"="Volt"`</span></font> <br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;">[[<< Anterior|Potencial eléctrico]] [[Siguiente >>|Gradiente de potencial]]<br />\n</div></html>
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<html>!Tema 1. Campo y Potencial eléctrico<br /><div style="margin-left: 40px;">[[Problema A-1]]<br />[[Problema A-3]]<br /><br /></div></html>
<html><font size="2">La <b>energía potencial</b> se define como la capacidad que tiene un cuerpo para realizar un trabajo. Una forma de ilustrar la energía potencial es como la <i>energía almacenada.<br /></i></font><div style="text-align: center;">[img[./images/energpot-01.jpg]]<br /></div><font size="2">Consideremos primero una partícula con carga eléctrica <span class="AM">` q`</span>, la cual esta fija en un punto del espacio. En la misma posición de la partícula, asignamos el orígen de un sistema de coordenadas, como en la figura 1. Si en el punto <span class="AM">`P`</span> cuya posición queda dada por el vector <span class="AM">` r`</span>, colocamos otra partícula con carga <span class="AM">` Q`</span>, entonces esta experimentara una [[fuerza|Ley de Coulomb]] dada por:<br /></font><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`vecF(r)=k(qQ)/r^2 hatr`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2"> Si la carga se mueve recorriendo la trayectoria <span class="AM">` 1->P->2`</span>, la fuerza eléctrica <span class="AM">` vecF(r)`</span><span class="AM">` W`</span> sobre la carga <span class="AM">` Q`</span> dado por:<br /></font><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`W(1->2)=int_1^2 vecF(r) * dvecr`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Combinando las dos ecuaciones anteriores, tenemos:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">``</span><span class="AM">`W(1->2)=int_1^2 k(qQ)/r^2 hatr * dvecr`</span><span class="AM">``</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Para poder realizar la integral recordamos que:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`hatr * dvecr=rdr`</span> *<br /></font></div><font size="2">{{{*}}}<<answer T text:"VecEXP" label:"Explicación">><br />Tenemos entonces que:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`hatr * dvecr=1/r vecr * dvecr= 1/r rdr = dr`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Podemos entonces resolver la integral, obteniendo:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`W(1->2)=kqQ int_1^2 (dr)/r^2`</span><br /><span class="AM">`=kqQ(-1/r)_1^2`</span><br /><span class="AM">`=kqQ(1/r_2-1/r_1)`</span><br /><span class="AM">`=-k(qQ)/r_2+k(qQ)/r_1`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Observamos, de la ecuación anterior, que para calcular el trabajo realizado (cuando la carga <span class="AM">` Q`</span> va del punto <span class="AM">` 1`</span> al <span class="AM">` 2`</span> a lo largo de la trayectoria mostrada en la figura 1) es igual a la diferencia entre dos cantidades <span class="AM">` -k(qQ)/r`</span> evaluadas justamente en los puntos <span class="AM">` 1`</span> y <span class="AM">` 2`</span>.<br />En la diferencia de la ecuación anterior NO aparece ninguna característica de la trayectoria. Esto quiere decir que si la partícula <span class="AM">` Q`</span> fuera del punto <span class="AM">` 1`</span> al punto <span class="AM">` 2`</span> a lo largo de otra trayectoria diferente, los trabajos realizados serían <span style="font-weight: bold;">siempre los mismos</span>.<br />De esta manera, podemos afirmar que <span style="text-decoration: underline;">el trabajo no depende de la trayectoria</span>. Esto significa que la fuerza eléctrica es una [[fuerza conservativa|http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo_conservativo]].<br />Cuando las fuerzas son conservativas, podemos asociarle una energía potencial <span class="AM">` U`</span>, que se define como:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`DeltaU=U_2-U_1=-W(1->2)`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Donde <span class="AM">` U_i`</span> es el valor de la energía potencial en el punto <span class="AM">` i`</span>.<br />Combinando la ecuación anterior con la ecuación de trabajo realizado por una carga al trasladarse de un punto a otro, encontramos que:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`DeltaU=(U_2-U_1)`</span><br /><span class="AM">`=-W(1->2)`</span><br /><span class="AM">`=-[-k(qQ)/r_2 + k(qQ)/r_1]`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">de tal forma que:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`U_2-U_1=k(qQ)/r_2 - k(qQ)/r_1`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Agrupando términos con mismo índice:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`U_2-k(qQ)/r_2=U_1-k(qQ)/r_1`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Debido a que los puntos <span class="AM">` 1`</span> y <span class="AM">` 2`</span> son arbitrarios, la única forma de satisfacer la ecuación anterior para cualquier par de puntos <span class="AM">` 1`</span> y <span class="AM">` 2`</span> es que cualquiera de los lados (ya sea el izquierdo o el derecho) de la ecuación sea una cantidad constante.<br /><span class="AM"></span></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`U(r)=-k(qQ)/r=constante`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Por convención, se escoge el valor cero para la energía potencial en el ponto en que la fuerza asociada es nula. En este caso, la fuerza eléctrica es cero en el infinito, o sea que<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`U(r->oo)=0`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">De este modo, podemos calcular la<span style="font-weight: bold;"> energía potencial asociada a la fuerza eléctrica</span>:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`U(r)=k(qQ)/r`</span></font> <br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;">[[<< Anterior|Ley de Gauss]] [[Siguiente >>|Potencial eléctrico]]<br /></div><br />\n</html>
<html><div style="text-align: justify;">\n<font size="2">El flujo (<span class="AM">`Phi`</span>) es una propiedad de los campos vectoriales referida a una seperficie hipotética que puede ser abierta o cerrada. Para una campo eléctrico, el flujo eléctrico <span class="AM">` Phi_e`</span> se mide por el numero de líneas de campo que atraviesan dicha superficie.<br /></font></div><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2">[img[./images/flux011.jpg]]<br /><br /></font><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Supongamos que tenemos una superficie <span class="AM">` S`</span> cualquiera que es atravesada por un campo eléctrico <span class="AM">` E`</span>. Dividimos la superficie en elementos muy pequeños con área<span class="AM">` dA`</span> <span class="AM">`dA`</span>. Entonces en el punto <span class="AM">` P`</span> tenemos un valor de campo eléctrico <span class="AM">` vecE`</span> y definimos <span class="AM">` dvecA`</span> con magnitud <span class="AM">` dA`</span> y perpendicular a la superficie, ademas de que en cada elemento de área de la superficie definimos el flujo <span class="AM">` dPhi`</span> del campo eléctrico como el producto escalar de los vectores <span class="AM">` vecE`</span> y <span class="AM">` dvecA`</span>.<br /></font></div><font size="2"><span class="AM"></span></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`dPhi=vecE*dvecA`</span><br /><br /></font> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">El flujo del campo eléctrico a través de <span class="AM">` S`</span>la superficie cerrada, se define como la suma de todos los flujos a través de cada una de las áreas <span class="AM">` dA`</span> en que se ha dividido toda la superficie.<br /><span class="AM"></span></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`Phi=oint dPhi=oint vecE*dvecA`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="1"><font size="2">Donde <span class="AM">` oint`</span> denota integración sobre la superfice cerrada bajo consideración.</font><br /><br /><br /></font><div style="text-align: center;">[[Siguiente >>|Ley de Gauss]]<br /></div></div></div></div></div></div><font size="1"><br /> </font><br /></html>
//{{{\n\n \n//============================================================================\n//============================================================================\n// ForEachTiddlerPlugin\n//============================================================================\n//============================================================================\n\n// Only install once\nif (!version.extensions.ForEachTiddlerPlugin) {\n\nif (!window.abego) window.abego = {};\n\nversion.extensions.ForEachTiddlerPlugin = {\n major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 6, \n date: new Date(2006,8,16), \n source: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de/#ForEachTiddlerPlugin",\n licence: "[[BSD open source license (abego Software)|http://www.abego-software.de/legal/apl-v10.html]]",\n copyright: "Copyright (c) abego Software GmbH, 2005-2006 (www.abego-software.de)"\n};\n\n// For backward compatibility with TW 1.2.x\n//\nif (!TiddlyWiki.prototype.forEachTiddler) {\n TiddlyWiki.prototype.forEachTiddler = function(callback) {\n for(var t in this.tiddlers) {\n callback.call(this,t,this.tiddlers[t]);\n }\n };\n}\n\n//============================================================================\n// forEachTiddler Macro\n//============================================================================\n\nversion.extensions.forEachTiddler = {\n major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 5, date: new Date(2006,2,5), provider: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de"};\n\n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Configurations and constants \n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler = {\n // Standard Properties\n label: "forEachTiddler",\n prompt: "Perform actions on a (sorted) selection of tiddlers",\n\n // actions\n actions: {\n addToList: {},\n write: {}\n }\n};\n\n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// The forEachTiddler Macro Handler \n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.getContainingTiddler = function(e) {\n while(e && !hasClass(e,"tiddler"))\n e = e.parentNode;\n var title = e ? e.getAttribute("tiddler") : null; \n return title ? store.getTiddler(title) : null;\n};\n\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.handler = function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {\n // config.macros.forEachTiddler.traceMacroCall(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler);\n\n if (!tiddler) tiddler = config.macros.forEachTiddler.getContainingTiddler(place);\n // --- Parsing ------------------------------------------\n\n var i = 0; // index running over the params\n // Parse the "in" clause\n var tiddlyWikiPath = undefined;\n if ((i < params.length) && params[i] == "in") {\n i++;\n if (i >= params.length) {\n this.handleError(place, "TiddlyWiki path expected behind 'in'.");\n return;\n }\n tiddlyWikiPath = this.paramEncode((i < params.length) ? params[i] : "");\n i++;\n }\n\n // Parse the where clause\n var whereClause ="true";\n if ((i < params.length) && params[i] == "where") {\n i++;\n whereClause = this.paramEncode((i < params.length) ? params[i] : "");\n i++;\n }\n\n // Parse the sort stuff\n var sortClause = null;\n var sortAscending = true; \n if ((i < params.length) && params[i] == "sortBy") {\n i++;\n if (i >= params.length) {\n this.handleError(place, "sortClause missing behind 'sortBy'.");\n return;\n }\n sortClause = this.paramEncode(params[i]);\n i++;\n\n if ((i < params.length) && (params[i] == "ascending" || params[i] == "descending")) {\n sortAscending = params[i] == "ascending";\n i++;\n }\n }\n\n // Parse the script\n var scriptText = null;\n if ((i < params.length) && params[i] == "script") {\n i++;\n scriptText = this.paramEncode((i < params.length) ? params[i] : "");\n i++;\n }\n\n // Parse the action. \n // When we are already at the end use the default action\n var actionName = "addToList";\n if (i < params.length) {\n if (!config.macros.forEachTiddler.actions[params[i]]) {\n this.handleError(place, "Unknown action '"+params[i]+"'.");\n return;\n } else {\n actionName = params[i]; \n i++;\n }\n } \n \n // Get the action parameter\n // (the parsing is done inside the individual action implementation.)\n var actionParameter = params.slice(i);\n\n\n // --- Processing ------------------------------------------\n try {\n this.performMacro({\n place: place, \n inTiddler: tiddler,\n whereClause: whereClause, \n sortClause: sortClause, \n sortAscending: sortAscending, \n actionName: actionName, \n actionParameter: actionParameter, \n scriptText: scriptText, \n tiddlyWikiPath: tiddlyWikiPath});\n\n } catch (e) {\n this.handleError(place, e);\n }\n};\n\n// Returns an object with properties "tiddlers" and "context".\n// tiddlers holds the (sorted) tiddlers selected by the parameter,\n// context the context of the execution of the macro.\n//\n// The action is not yet performed.\n//\n// @parameter see performMacro\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.getTiddlersAndContext = function(parameter) {\n\n var context = config.macros.forEachTiddler.createContext(parameter.place, parameter.whereClause, parameter.sortClause, parameter.sortAscending, parameter.actionName, parameter.actionParameter, parameter.scriptText, parameter.tiddlyWikiPath, parameter.inTiddler);\n\n var tiddlyWiki = parameter.tiddlyWikiPath ? this.loadTiddlyWiki(parameter.tiddlyWikiPath) : store;\n context["tiddlyWiki"] = tiddlyWiki;\n \n // Get the tiddlers, as defined by the whereClause\n var tiddlers = this.findTiddlers(parameter.whereClause, context, tiddlyWiki);\n context["tiddlers"] = tiddlers;\n\n // Sort the tiddlers, when sorting is required.\n if (parameter.sortClause) {\n this.sortTiddlers(tiddlers, parameter.sortClause, parameter.sortAscending, context);\n }\n\n return {tiddlers: tiddlers, context: context};\n};\n\n// Returns the (sorted) tiddlers selected by the parameter.\n//\n// The action is not yet performed.\n//\n// @parameter see performMacro\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.getTiddlers = function(parameter) {\n return this.getTiddlersAndContext(parameter).tiddlers;\n};\n\n// Performs the macros with the given parameter.\n//\n// @param parameter holds the parameter of the macro as separate properties.\n// The following properties are supported:\n//\n// place\n// whereClause\n// sortClause\n// sortAscending\n// actionName\n// actionParameter\n// scriptText\n// tiddlyWikiPath\n//\n// All properties are optional. \n// For most actions the place property must be defined.\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.performMacro = function(parameter) {\n var tiddlersAndContext = this.getTiddlersAndContext(parameter);\n\n // Perform the action\n var actionName = parameter.actionName ? parameter.actionName : "addToList";\n var action = config.macros.forEachTiddler.actions[actionName];\n if (!action) {\n this.handleError(parameter.place, "Unknown action '"+actionName+"'.");\n return;\n }\n\n var actionHandler = action.handler;\n actionHandler(parameter.place, tiddlersAndContext.tiddlers, parameter.actionParameter, tiddlersAndContext.context);\n};\n\n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// The actions \n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n// Internal.\n//\n// --- The addToList Action -----------------------------------------------\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.actions.addToList.handler = function(place, tiddlers, parameter, context) {\n // Parse the parameter\n var p = 0;\n\n // Check for extra parameters\n if (parameter.length > p) {\n config.macros.forEachTiddler.createExtraParameterErrorElement(place, "addToList", parameter, p);\n return;\n }\n\n // Perform the action.\n var list = document.createElement("ul");\n place.appendChild(list);\n for (var i = 0; i < tiddlers.length; i++) {\n var tiddler = tiddlers[i];\n var listItem = document.createElement("li");\n list.appendChild(listItem);\n createTiddlyLink(listItem, tiddler.title, true);\n }\n};\n\nabego.parseNamedParameter = function(name, parameter, i) {\n var beginExpression = null;\n if ((i < parameter.length) && parameter[i] == name) {\n i++;\n if (i >= parameter.length) {\n throw "Missing text behind '%0'".format([name]);\n }\n \n return config.macros.forEachTiddler.paramEncode(parameter[i]);\n }\n return null;\n}\n\n// Internal.\n//\n// --- The write Action ---------------------------------------------------\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.actions.write.handler = function(place, tiddlers, parameter, context) {\n // Parse the parameter\n var p = 0;\n if (p >= parameter.length) {\n this.handleError(place, "Missing expression behind 'write'.");\n return;\n }\n\n var textExpression = config.macros.forEachTiddler.paramEncode(parameter[p]);\n p++;\n\n // Parse the "begin" option\n var beginExpression = abego.parseNamedParameter("begin", parameter, p);\n if (beginExpression !== null) \n p += 2;\n var endExpression = abego.parseNamedParameter("end", parameter, p);\n if (endExpression !== null) \n p += 2;\n var noneExpression = abego.parseNamedParameter("none", parameter, p);\n if (noneExpression !== null) \n p += 2;\n\n // Parse the "toFile" option\n var filename = null;\n var lineSeparator = undefined;\n if ((p < parameter.length) && parameter[p] == "toFile") {\n p++;\n if (p >= parameter.length) {\n this.handleError(place, "Filename expected behind 'toFile' of 'write' action.");\n return;\n }\n \n filename = config.macros.forEachTiddler.getLocalPath(config.macros.forEachTiddler.paramEncode(parameter[p]));\n p++;\n if ((p < parameter.length) && parameter[p] == "withLineSeparator") {\n p++;\n if (p >= parameter.length) {\n this.handleError(place, "Line separator text expected behind 'withLineSeparator' of 'write' action.");\n return;\n }\n lineSeparator = config.macros.forEachTiddler.paramEncode(parameter[p]);\n p++;\n }\n }\n \n // Check for extra parameters\n if (parameter.length > p) {\n config.macros.forEachTiddler.createExtraParameterErrorElement(place, "write", parameter, p);\n return;\n }\n\n // Perform the action.\n var func = config.macros.forEachTiddler.getEvalTiddlerFunction(textExpression, context);\n var count = tiddlers.length;\n var text = "";\n if (count > 0 && beginExpression)\n text += config.macros.forEachTiddler.getEvalTiddlerFunction(beginExpression, context)(undefined, context, count, undefined);\n \n for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n var tiddler = tiddlers[i];\n text += func(tiddler, context, count, i);\n }\n \n if (count > 0 && endExpression)\n text += config.macros.forEachTiddler.getEvalTiddlerFunction(endExpression, context)(undefined, context, count, undefined);\n\n if (count == 0 && noneExpression) \n text += config.macros.forEachTiddler.getEvalTiddlerFunction(noneExpression, context)(undefined, context, count, undefined);\n \n\n if (filename) {\n if (lineSeparator !== undefined) {\n lineSeparator = lineSeparator.replace(/\s\sn/mg, "\sn").replace(/\s\sr/mg, "\sr");\n text = text.replace(/\sn/mg,lineSeparator);\n }\n saveFile(filename, convertUnicodeToUTF8(text));\n } else {\n var wrapper = place;\n wikify(text, wrapper, null/* highlightRegExp */, context.inTiddler);\n }\n};\n\n\n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Helpers\n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n// Internal.\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.createContext = function(placeParam, whereClauseParam, sortClauseParam, sortAscendingParam, actionNameParam, actionParameterParam, scriptText, tiddlyWikiPathParam, inTiddlerParam) {\n return {\n place : placeParam, \n whereClause : whereClauseParam, \n sortClause : sortClauseParam, \n sortAscending : sortAscendingParam, \n script : scriptText,\n actionName : actionNameParam, \n actionParameter : actionParameterParam,\n tiddlyWikiPath : tiddlyWikiPathParam,\n inTiddler : inTiddlerParam, // the tiddler containing the <<forEachTiddler ...>> macro call.\n viewerTiddler : config.macros.forEachTiddler.getContainingTiddler(placeParam) // the tiddler showing the forEachTiddler result\n };\n};\n\n// Internal.\n//\n// Returns a TiddlyWiki with the tiddlers loaded from the TiddlyWiki of \n// the given path.\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.loadTiddlyWiki = function(path, idPrefix) {\n if (!idPrefix) {\n idPrefix = "store";\n }\n var lenPrefix = idPrefix.length;\n \n // Read the content of the given file\n var content = loadFile(this.getLocalPath(path));\n if(content === null) {\n throw "TiddlyWiki '"+path+"' not found.";\n }\n \n // Locate the storeArea div's\n var posOpeningDiv = content.indexOf(startSaveArea);\n var posClosingDiv = content.lastIndexOf(endSaveArea);\n if((posOpeningDiv == -1) || (posClosingDiv == -1)) {\n throw "File '"+path+"' is not a TiddlyWiki.";\n }\n var storageText = content.substr(posOpeningDiv + startSaveArea.length, posClosingDiv);\n \n // Create a "div" element that contains the storage text\n var myStorageDiv = document.createElement("div");\n myStorageDiv.innerHTML = storageText;\n myStorageDiv.normalize();\n \n // Create all tiddlers in a new TiddlyWiki\n // (following code is modified copy of TiddlyWiki.prototype.loadFromDiv)\n var tiddlyWiki = new TiddlyWiki();\n var store = myStorageDiv.childNodes;\n for(var t = 0; t < store.length; t++) {\n var e = store[t];\n var title = null;\n if(e.getAttribute)\n title = e.getAttribute("tiddler");\n if(!title && e.id && e.id.substr(0,lenPrefix) == idPrefix)\n title = e.id.substr(lenPrefix);\n if(title && title !== "") {\n var tiddler = tiddlyWiki.createTiddler(title);\n tiddler.loadFromDiv(e,title);\n }\n }\n tiddlyWiki.dirty = false;\n\n return tiddlyWiki;\n};\n\n\n \n// Internal.\n//\n// Returns a function that has a function body returning the given javaScriptExpression.\n// The function has the parameters:\n// \n// (tiddler, context, count, index)\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.getEvalTiddlerFunction = function (javaScriptExpression, context) {\n var script = context["script"];\n var functionText = "var theFunction = function(tiddler, context, count, index) { return "+javaScriptExpression+"}";\n var fullText = (script ? script+";" : "")+functionText+";theFunction;";\n return eval(fullText);\n};\n\n// Internal.\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.findTiddlers = function(whereClause, context, tiddlyWiki) {\n var result = [];\n var func = config.macros.forEachTiddler.getEvalTiddlerFunction(whereClause, context);\n tiddlyWiki.forEachTiddler(function(title,tiddler) {\n if (func(tiddler, context, undefined, undefined)) {\n result.push(tiddler);\n }\n });\n return result;\n};\n\n// Internal.\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.createExtraParameterErrorElement = function(place, actionName, parameter, firstUnusedIndex) {\n var message = "Extra parameter behind '"+actionName+"':";\n for (var i = firstUnusedIndex; i < parameter.length; i++) {\n message += " "+parameter[i];\n }\n this.handleError(place, message);\n};\n\n// Internal.\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.sortAscending = function(tiddlerA, tiddlerB) {\n var result = \n (tiddlerA.forEachTiddlerSortValue == tiddlerB.forEachTiddlerSortValue) \n ? 0\n : (tiddlerA.forEachTiddlerSortValue < tiddlerB.forEachTiddlerSortValue)\n ? -1 \n : +1; \n return result;\n};\n\n// Internal.\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.sortDescending = function(tiddlerA, tiddlerB) {\n var result = \n (tiddlerA.forEachTiddlerSortValue == tiddlerB.forEachTiddlerSortValue) \n ? 0\n : (tiddlerA.forEachTiddlerSortValue < tiddlerB.forEachTiddlerSortValue)\n ? +1 \n : -1; \n return result;\n};\n\n// Internal.\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.sortTiddlers = function(tiddlers, sortClause, ascending, context) {\n // To avoid evaluating the sortClause whenever two items are compared \n // we pre-calculate the sortValue for every item in the array and store it in a \n // temporary property ("forEachTiddlerSortValue") of the tiddlers.\n var func = config.macros.forEachTiddler.getEvalTiddlerFunction(sortClause, context);\n var count = tiddlers.length;\n var i;\n for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n var tiddler = tiddlers[i];\n tiddler.forEachTiddlerSortValue = func(tiddler,context, undefined, undefined);\n }\n\n // Do the sorting\n tiddlers.sort(ascending ? this.sortAscending : this.sortDescending);\n\n // Delete the temporary property that holds the sortValue. \n for (i = 0; i < tiddlers.length; i++) {\n delete tiddlers[i].forEachTiddlerSortValue;\n }\n};\n\n\n// Internal.\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.trace = function(message) {\n displayMessage(message);\n};\n\n// Internal.\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.traceMacroCall = function(place,macroName,params) {\n var message ="<<"+macroName;\n for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {\n message += " "+params[i];\n }\n message += ">>";\n displayMessage(message);\n};\n\n\n// Internal.\n//\n// Creates an element that holds an error message\n// \nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.createErrorElement = function(place, exception) {\n var message = (exception.description) ? exception.description : exception.toString();\n return createTiddlyElement(place,"span",null,"forEachTiddlerError","<<forEachTiddler ...>>: "+message);\n};\n\n// Internal.\n//\n// @param place [may be null]\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.handleError = function(place, exception) {\n if (place) {\n this.createErrorElement(place, exception);\n } else {\n throw exception;\n }\n};\n\n// Internal.\n//\n// Encodes the given string.\n//\n// Replaces \n// "$))" to ">>"\n// "$)" to ">"\n//\nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.paramEncode = function(s) {\n var reGTGT = new RegExp("\s\s$\s\s)\s\s)","mg");\n var reGT = new RegExp("\s\s$\s\s)","mg");\n return s.replace(reGTGT, ">>").replace(reGT, ">");\n};\n\n// Internal.\n//\n// Returns the given original path (that is a file path, starting with "file:")\n// as a path to a local file, in the systems native file format.\n//\n// Location information in the originalPath (i.e. the "#" and stuff following)\n// is stripped.\n// \nconfig.macros.forEachTiddler.getLocalPath = function(originalPath) {\n // Remove any location part of the URL\n var hashPos = originalPath.indexOf("#");\n if(hashPos != -1)\n originalPath = originalPath.substr(0,hashPos);\n // Convert to a native file format assuming\n // "file:///x:/path/path/path..." - pc local file --> "x:\spath\spath\spath..."\n // "file://///server/share/path/path/path..." - FireFox pc network file --> "\s\sserver\sshare\spath\spath\spath..."\n // "file:///path/path/path..." - mac/unix local file --> "/path/path/path..."\n // "file://server/share/path/path/path..." - pc network file --> "\s\sserver\sshare\spath\spath\spath..."\n var localPath;\n if(originalPath.charAt(9) == ":") // pc local file\n localPath = unescape(originalPath.substr(8)).replace(new RegExp("/","g"),"\s\s");\n else if(originalPath.indexOf("file://///") === 0) // FireFox pc network file\n localPath = "\s\s\s\s" + unescape(originalPath.substr(10)).replace(new RegExp("/","g"),"\s\s");\n else if(originalPath.indexOf("file:///") === 0) // mac/unix local file\n localPath = unescape(originalPath.substr(7));\n else if(originalPath.indexOf("file:/") === 0) // mac/unix local file\n localPath = unescape(originalPath.substr(5));\n else // pc network file\n localPath = "\s\s\s\s" + unescape(originalPath.substr(7)).replace(new RegExp("/","g"),"\s\s"); \n return localPath;\n};\n\n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Stylesheet Extensions (may be overridden by local StyleSheet)\n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n//\nsetStylesheet(\n ".forEachTiddlerError{color: #ffffff;background-color: #880000;}",\n "forEachTiddler");\n\n//============================================================================\n// End of forEachTiddler Macro\n//============================================================================\n\n\n//============================================================================\n// String.startsWith Function\n//============================================================================\n//\n// Returns true if the string starts with the given prefix, false otherwise.\n//\nversion.extensions["String.startsWith"] = {major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 0, date: new Date(2005,11,20), provider: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de"};\n//\nString.prototype.startsWith = function(prefix) {\n var n = prefix.length;\n return (this.length >= n) && (this.slice(0, n) == prefix);\n};\n\n\n\n//============================================================================\n// String.endsWith Function\n//============================================================================\n//\n// Returns true if the string ends with the given suffix, false otherwise.\n//\nversion.extensions["String.endsWith"] = {major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 0, date: new Date(2005,11,20), provider: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de"};\n//\nString.prototype.endsWith = function(suffix) {\n var n = suffix.length;\n return (this.length >= n) && (this.right(n) == suffix);\n};\n\n\n//============================================================================\n// String.contains Function\n//============================================================================\n//\n// Returns true when the string contains the given substring, false otherwise.\n//\nversion.extensions["String.contains"] = {major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 0, date: new Date(2005,11,20), provider: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de"};\n//\nString.prototype.contains = function(substring) {\n return this.indexOf(substring) >= 0;\n};\n\n//============================================================================\n// Array.indexOf Function\n//============================================================================\n//\n// Returns the index of the first occurance of the given item in the array or \n// -1 when no such item exists.\n//\n// @param item [may be null]\n//\nversion.extensions["Array.indexOf"] = {major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 0, date: new Date(2005,11,20), provider: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de"};\n//\nArray.prototype.indexOf = function(item) {\n for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {\n if (this[i] == item) {\n return i;\n }\n }\n return -1;\n};\n\n//============================================================================\n// Array.contains Function\n//============================================================================\n//\n// Returns true when the array contains the given item, otherwise false. \n//\n// @param item [may be null]\n//\nversion.extensions["Array.contains"] = {major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 0, date: new Date(2005,11,20), provider: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de"};\n//\nArray.prototype.contains = function(item) {\n return (this.indexOf(item) >= 0);\n};\n\n//============================================================================\n// Array.containsAny Function\n//============================================================================\n//\n// Returns true when the array contains at least one of the elements \n// of the item. Otherwise (or when items contains no elements) false is returned.\n//\nversion.extensions["Array.containsAny"] = {major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 0, date: new Date(2005,11,20), provider: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de"};\n//\nArray.prototype.containsAny = function(items) {\n for(var i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {\n if (this.contains(items[i])) {\n return true;\n }\n }\n return false;\n};\n\n\n//============================================================================\n// Array.containsAll Function\n//============================================================================\n//\n// Returns true when the array contains all the items, otherwise false.\n// \n// When items is null false is returned (even if the array contains a null).\n//\n// @param items [may be null] \n//\nversion.extensions["Array.containsAll"] = {major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 0, date: new Date(2005,11,20), provider: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de"};\n//\nArray.prototype.containsAll = function(items) {\n for(var i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {\n if (!this.contains(items[i])) {\n return false;\n }\n }\n return true;\n};\n\n\n} // of "install only once"\n\n// Used Globals (for JSLint) ==============\n// ... DOM\n/*global document */\n// ... TiddlyWiki Core\n/*global convertUnicodeToUTF8, createTiddlyElement, createTiddlyLink, \n displayMessage, endSaveArea, hasClass, loadFile, saveFile, \n startSaveArea, store, wikify */\n//}}}
<html>!Fuerza Magnética de cargas en movimiento.<br /></html>
<html><div style="text-align: left;"><img hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0" src="images/0511Retest_Pr.5.jpg" /><br />In the figure above, <span class="AM">`grad`</span>HIJ <span class="AM">`~=`</span> <span class="AM">`grad`</span>LKJ. If m<span class="AM">`/_`</span>L = 50º, what is m<span class="AM">` /_`</span> <span class="AM"></span>IJH?<br /><br /><<answer S^ id:GQ>><answer id="GQ"><span style="font-weight: bold;">A. 35º <br /></span></answer><<answer S^ id:GQ text:"OK+Geometry Question Solution">><answer id="GQ"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><answer id="GQ" text="Geometry Question Solution">B. 40º <br /></answer></span></answer><<answer S^ id:GQ>><answer id="GQ"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><answer id="GQ" text="Geometry Question Solution"><answer id="GQ">C. 45º <br /></answer></answer></span></answer><<answer S^ id:GQ>><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><answer id="GQ"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><answer id="GQ" text="Geometry Question Solution"><answer id="GQ"><answer id="GQ">D. 50º<br /></answer></answer></answer></span><br /></answer></div></html>
<html>Since the two triangles are congruent (that's what <span class="AM">` ~=`</span> means), corresponding angles are equal. Therefore, <span class="AM">` /_H`</span> = 50º. In the right <span class="AM">` grad HIJ`</span> , <span class="AM">` /_IJH + /_H`</span> = 90º (sum of angles in a triangle = 180º). Therefore <span class="AM">` /_IJH`</span> = 90º - 50º = 40º.<br /><br />The answer is <span style="font-weight: bold;">B.</span></html>
<html><div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 51, 255);"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br />Information:<br /><br /></span><table border="1" style="width: 100%;"><tbody><tr><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Name:</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">HTMLAreaPlugin</span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Version</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.2(Oct 5</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">, 2006</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Source</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=150646</span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Author</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">BramChen<br /></span></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Original</span><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Asciencepad, hijacked by PeterJipsen</span><br /></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold;">License<br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold;">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 License<br /></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Type</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Plugin</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br />Required:<br /></span><ul><li>TiddlyWiki 2.1.0<br /></li><li>HtmlArea eitor modified by PeterJipsen</li></ul><span style="font-weight: bold;">Reference:</span> <br /><div style="margin-left: 40px;">http://math.chapman.edu/~jipsen/asciencepad/asciencepad.html<br /><br /></div><span style="font-weight: bold;">Installation: </span><br /><ul><li>Add below statement to <span style="font-weight: bold;">MarkupPostHead</span></li></ul><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);"><script type="text/javascript" src="HTMLArea/htmlareaPlugin.js"></script></span><br /><ul><li>Add below statements to <span style="font-weight: bold;">MarkupPreHead</span></li></ul><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);"><!--PJ--></span><br /><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);"><script type="text/javascript" src="HTMLArea/plugins/AsciiMath/ASCIIMathML.js"></script></span><br style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);" /><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);"><script type="text/javascript" src="HTMLArea/plugins/AsciiSvg/ASCIIsvg.js"></script></span><br style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);" /><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);"><script type="text/javascript" src="HTMLArea/plugins/AsciiSvg/ASCIIsvgAddon.js"></script></span><br style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);" /><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);"><!--script type="text/javascript" src="HTMLArea/plugins/AsciiMath/ASCIIMathCalculator.js"></script--></span><br style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);" /><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);"><script type="text/javascript"></span><br style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);" /><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);"> _editor_url = "HTMLArea/";</span><br style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);" /><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);"> _editor_lang = "en"; </span><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);">// or zh-tw, zh-cn ....</span><br style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);" /><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);"></script></span><br style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);" /><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);"><script type="text/javascript" src="HTMLArea/htmlarea.js"></script></span><br style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);" /><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 255);"><!--PJ--></span><br /><ul><li>Save changes and reload page.</li></ul><span style="font-weight: bold;">Uninstall:<br /></span><ul><li>Remove all lines of Markup* added from installation step, save changes and reload page.. <br /></li></ul><ul><li>or Open TW document in your edtior, and remove all lines added from installation step.<br /></li></ul><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note: </span><br /><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><ul><li>Do not install this plugin as "systemConfig".</li><li>The content of tiddler is no more with wiki texts but a big <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">&lt;html&gt;blahblah&lt;/html&gt; </span>block.</li></ul></div><br /></div></html>
<html><font size="2">La Ley de Coulomb, es una ecuación que describe la fuerza electrostática entre cargas eléctricas, lleva su nombre en honor al físico frances [[Charles-Augustin de Coulomb|http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb]], quien fue el primero en describir la naturaleza de las fuerzas entre cargas eléctricas en 1785.<br /></font><div style="text-align: justify;"><p><font size="2"><br />La Ley de Coulomb puede ser expresada en su forma escalar (sin considerar dirección) como:<br /></font></p></div><div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;"><p><font size="2">La magnitud de la fuerza electrostática entre dos cargas eléctricas es directamente proporcional al producto de las magnitudes de cada carga e inversamente proporcional al cuadrado de la distancia total entre dichas cargas.<br /></font></p></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">!Forma escalar</font></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">La forma escalar de la Ley de Coulomb solo describirá la magnitud de la fuerza eléctrica entre dos cargas. Si se necesita conocer la dirección, es necesario utilizar la forma vectorial de la ley. La fuerza que experimentará una carga <span class="AM">` q_1`</span> debido a la presencia de otra carga <span class="AM">` q_2`</span> esta dada por:</font></p><p style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">` F=k(q_1 q_2)/r^2`</span><br /></font> </p><p style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">donde <span class="AM">` r`</span> es la distancia entre las dos cargas y <span class="AM">` k`</span> la [[constante de proporcionalidad|Constante de Coulomb]]. Si las cargas son del mismo signo, la fuerza será positiva por lo que la fuerza es de repulsión. Si las cargas son de diferente signo, la fuerza será negativa y la fuerza es de atracción.</font></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2"><br /></font></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">!Forma vectorial</font></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Para obtener la magnitud y la dirección de la fuerza en una carga <span class="AM">` q_1`</span> en una posición <span class="AM">` r_1`</span><span class="AM">` q_2`</span> en la posición <span class="AM">` r_2`</span>, utilizamos la siguiente expresión: debido </font><font size="2">a la presencia de otra carga </font></p><p style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">` vecF= k (q_1 q_2)/r^2 hatu_21= k q_1 q_2xx(r_2-r_1)/|r_2-r_1|^3`</span> </font></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Donde <span class="AM">` hatu_21`</span> es un vector unitario que va en dirección de la recta que una las cargas, siendo su sentido desde la carga que produce la fuerza hacia la carga que la experimenta.</font></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><font size="1"><br /></font></p><p style="text-align: center;"><font size="1">[[<< Anterior|Carga volumétrica]] [[Siguiente >>|Constante de Coulomb]]</font><br /></p></div></div></html>
<html><div style="text-align: justify;">\n<font size="2">La ley de Gauss es una ecuación que relaciona el [[flujo eléctrico|Flujo eléctrico]] a través de una superficie cerrada y la carga eléctrica encerrada en esta superficie.<br />Sea una carga eléctrica positiva <span class="AM">` q`</span>. Esta carga genera en un punto <span class="AM">`P`</span> arbitrario a distancia <span class="AM">` r`</span>, un [[campo eléctrico|Campo eléctrico]] <span class="AM">` E`</span>. Con centro en la carga se construye una esfera de radio <span class="AM">`r`</span> como se muestra en la siguiente figura.<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2">[img[./images/flux012.jpg]]<br /></font><div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Tomando un elemento de área <span class="AM">` dA`</span> en el punto <span class="AM">` P`</span>, con el vector <span class="AM">` dvecA`</span> que lo representa con una dirección perpendicular a la superficie de la esfera en ese punto. Por tratarse de una esfera, la dirección perpendicular a la superficie es justamente la dirección radial. Es decir, el vector <span class="AM">` dvecA`</span> en <span class="AM">` P`</span> tiene la misma dirección que el vector de posición <span class="AM">` vecr`</span> que va de la carga al punto <span class="AM">` P`</span>. Podemos entonces escribir que:<br /><span class="AM"></span></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`dvecA=dAhatr`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Donde <span class="AM">` hatr`</span> es el vector unitario a lo largo de<span class="AM">` r`</span> <span class="AM">`r`</span>. Por lo tanto el diferencial de flujo queda como:<br /><span class="AM"></span></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`dPhi=vecE*dvecA`</span><br /><span class="AM">`dPhi=k(q/r^2) hatr*dAhatr`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Pero el producto escalar:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">` hatr*hatr=1`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Ya que <span class="AM">` hatr`</span> es un vector unitario. Por tanto,<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">` dPhi=k(q/r^2)dA`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">El flujo <span class="AM">` Phi`</span> es la integral de esta expresión sobre toda la superficie de la esfera, ahora bien, sobre la superficie de la esfera <span class="AM">` r`</span> es constante (el valor del radio), ademas <span class="AM">` k`</span> y <span class="AM">` q`</span><br /></font> también son constantes. El flujo queda como:<div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`Phi=oint dPhi=k(q/r^2) oint dA`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Pero la integral de superficie de <span class="AM">` dA`</span> es la suma de todas las áreas de los elementos infinitesimales en que se dividió la superficie de la esfera, lo que claramente es el área de la esfera de radio <span class="AM">`r`</span>. O sea<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`oint dA=4pi r^2`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Entonces sustituimos en la ecuación de flujo<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`Phi=k(q/r^2)4pi r^2`</span><br /><span class="AM">`Phi=4pikq`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Usando la definición de permitividad en el vacío obtenemos:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`4pik=1/epsilon_0`</span><br /><span class="AM">`Phi=q/epsilon_0`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">El flujo del campo eléctrico producido por la carga es igual a la carga encerrada por la esfera entre la constante <span class="AM">` epsilon_0`</span>. Note que el flujo no depende del radio de la esfera, esto significa que si encerramos la misma carga <span class="AM">` q`</span> dentro de 2 esferas de radio distintos los flujos a través de cada una de las esferas serán iguales.<br />Suponiendo que en vez de una carga se tuvieran varias cargas (N cargas), contenidas dentro de una superficie cerrada arbitraria. En este caso, cada una de ellas produce un campo <span class="AM">` E_1, E_2,...,E_N`</span> y cada carga con su propio flujo. Usando el principio de superposición tenemos que el campo eléctrico es:<br /><span class="AM"></span></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`E=E_1+E_2+...+E_N`</span><br /></font><div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2"> Y el flujo <span class="AM">` dPhi`</span> a través de cada elemento de área <span class="AM">` dA`</span> es:<br /><span class="AM"></span></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`dPhi=E*dA=E_1*dA+E_2*dA+...+E_N*dA=dPhi_1+dPhi_2+...+dPhi_N`</span><br /><br /></font> <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Si ahora integramos ambos lados de la ecuación, sobre toda la superficie cerrada tenemos el flujo eléctrico total que es:<br /><span class="AM"></span></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`Phi_t=oint E*dA`</span><br /><span class="AM">`=Phi_1+Phi_2+...+Phi_N`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Por otro lado el flujo producido por cada carga <span class="AM">` Phi_N=q_N/epsilon_0`</span> los usamos en la ecuación anterior:<br /><span class="AM"></span></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`Phi=q_1/epsilon_0+q_2/epsilon_0+...+q_N/epsilon_0`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Sacando el factor común:<br /><span class="AM"></span></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`Phi=(1/epsilon_0)(q_1+q_2+...+q_N)`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">Sin embargo el segundo término es la suma algebraica de todas las cargas encerradas por la superficie, es decir, la carga total dentro de la superficie que denotaremos como <span class="AM">` Q`</span>, por lo tanto:<br /><span class="AM"></span></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`Phi=oint vecE*dvecA=Q/epsilon_0`</span><br /></font> <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2">La ecuación anterior, válida para cualquier superficie cerrada, se le conoce como la <span style="font-weight: bold;">Ley de Gauss,</span> el flujo del campo eléctrico a través de una superficie cerrada arbitrario es igual a la carga eléctrica total encerrada dentro de la superficie dividida entre <span class="AM">` epsilon_0`</span>. </font><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">[[<< Anterior|Flujo eléctrico]] [[Siguiente >>|Energía potencial]]<br /></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></html>
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<<plugins>>
<html><font size="2">Si una [[distribución de cargas eléctricas|Carga lineal]] produce un campo eléctrico <span class="AM">` vecE(r)`</span> y una carga eléctrica positiva <span class="AM">` Q`</span> se introduce en la región en que existe el campo, este campo ejercerá una [[fuerza|Ley de Coulomb]] <span class="AM">` vecF(r)`</span> sobre dicha partícula. Calculando el [[trabajo|Energía potencial]] realizado por la fuerza cuando la partícula se mueve del punto <span class="AM">` 1`</span> al punto <span class="AM">` 2`</span> esta dado por:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`W(1->2)=int_1^2 vecF(r) * dvecr`</span><br /></font> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="2">Y sabemos que el campo eléctrico se define como<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`vecE=vecF/Q`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">o bien<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`vecF=vecE*Q`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Sustituyendo en la ecuación de trabajo tenemos:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`W(1->2)=int_1^2 QvecE(r) * dvecr=Q int_1^2 vecE(r) * dvecr`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Como sabemos que el campo <span class="AM">` E(r)`</span> no depende de las características de la partícula <span class="AM">` Q`</span>. En consecuencia la integral que aparece en el lado derecho de la ecuación anterior solamente depende del campo creado por la distribución de cargas y no de la partícula Q. Si definimos la <span style="font-weight: bold;">fuerza electromotríz</span> <span class="AM">` epsi`</span> (FEM) como el trabajo realizado por unidad de carga tenemos:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`epsi=W/Q=int_1^2 vecE(r)*dvecr`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">La FEM solamente depende de las propiedades del campo que genera la distribución de carga.<br />De manera análoga, definimos el <span style="font-weight: bold;">potencial</span> <span class="AM">` V`</span> como la energía potencial <span class="AM">` U`</span> por unidad de carga <span class="AM">` Q`</span>.<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`V=U/Q`</span><br /></font> </div></div><font size="2">Notese que el potencial es una cantidad escalar.</font><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">[[<< Anterior|Energía potencial]] [[Siguiente >>|Diferencia de potencial]]<br /></div></html>
//{{{\n/* Modified by GCB to use YourSearch in author mode and maintain SinglePageMode */\n\nTiddlyWiki.prototype.removeNotification = function(title,fn) {\n for (var i=0;i<this.namedNotifications.length;i++)\n if((this.namedNotifications[i].name == title) && (this.namedNotifications[i].notify == fn))\n this.namedNotifications.splice(i,1);\n}\n \n//checks to see if a tiddler exists in store or as a shadow.\nTiddlyWiki.prototype.isTiddler= function (title)\n {return store.tiddlerExists(title) || store.isShadowTiddler(title)}\n\n// Refresh all tiddlers in the Story\nStory.prototype.lewcidrefreshAllTiddlers = function()\n{\n var place = document.getElementById(this.container);\n var e = place.firstChild;\n if(!e) return;\n this.refreshTiddler(e.getAttribute("tiddler"),null,true);\n while((e = e.nextSibling) != null)\n this.refreshTiddler(e.getAttribute("tiddler"),null,true);\n}\n\nconfig.presentationPlugin ={\n};\n\nconfig.presentationPlugin.defaults = [\n {name: "StyleSheet", notify: refreshStyles},\n {name: "PageTemplate", notify: refreshPageTemplate}\n ];\n\nwindow.presentationMode='';\n\nfunction applyPresentationMode (oldMode,Mode)\n{\n presentationMode = Mode;\n var defaults = config.presentationPlugin.defaults;\n var oldStyleElement = document.getElementById(oldMode+"StyleSheet");\n if (oldStyleElement)\n {\n oldStyleElement.parentNode.removeChild(oldStyleElement);\n }\n for (var i=0; i<defaults.length; i++)\n {\n var def = defaults[i]["name"];\n var newMode = store.isTiddler(Mode + def)? Mode + def : def;\n store.removeNotification(oldMode + def, defaults[i]["notify"]);\n store.addNotification(newMode,defaults[i]["notify"]);\n store.notify(newMode); \n }\n story.lewcidrefreshAllTiddlers();\n}\n\nconfig.macros.author={};\nconfig.macros.author.handler= function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {\n var e = createTiddlyElement(place,"div");\n e.setAttribute("refresh","macro");\n e.setAttribute("macroName","author");\n e.setAttribute("params",paramString);\n this.refresh(e,paramString);\n}\n\nconfig.macros.author.refresh = function(place,params){\n if (window.lewcideditmode== false)\n return false;\n removeChildren(place);\n var oldMode = window.presentationMode;\n var newMode = (oldMode == "Author")?"":"Author";\n var label = (oldMode == "Author")? "Presentation Mode":"Author Mode";\n var tooltip = label;\n createTiddlyButton(place,label,tooltip,function() {\n applyPresentationMode(oldMode,newMode);\n });\n};\n\nStory.prototype.chooseTemplateForTiddler_old_presentation = Story.prototype.chooseTemplateForTiddler;\n\nStory.prototype.chooseTemplateForTiddler = function(title,template)\n{\n if (!template)\n template = DEFAULT_VIEW_TEMPLATE;\n var mode = presentationMode;\n if (template == DEFAULT_VIEW_TEMPLATE)\n {\n if (store.isTiddler(mode+"ViewTemplate"))\n return mode+"ViewTemplate";\n }\n else if (template == DEFAULT_EDIT_TEMPLATE)\n {\n if (store.isTiddler(mode+"EditTemplate"))\n return mode+"EditTemplate";\n }\n return this.chooseTemplateForTiddler_old_presentation(title,template);\n}\n\nwindow.lewcideditmode = false;\nconfig.paramifiers.author = {\n onstart: function(v) {\n if (v!="true")\n return false;\n applyPresentationMode("","Author");\n window.lewcideditmode = true;\n config.options.chkUseYourSearch = true; //better search in author mode GCB\n /* if (config.options.chkSinglePageMode)\n config.options.chkSinglePageMode = false; */\n refreshDisplay();\n }\n}\n//}}}
<html>Se tiene un generador de Van de Graaff con carga <span class="AM">` Q (-)`</span>, el cual se conecta a un cilindro de material conductor dentro de otro cilindro del mismo material con diametro mayor como se muestra en la figura. El cilindro mayor se conecta a tierra.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">[img[./images/P1-a.jpg]]<br /><br /></div>El casco del generador de Van de Graaff se utiliza como fuente de electrones libres.<br /><br />!Pregunta 1<br />La carga <span class="AM">` q`</span> en el <span style="text-decoration: underline;">interior</span> del cilindro <span style="font-weight: bold;">A</span> es:<br /><br />A. <span class="AM">` q>0`</span> <br />B. <span class="AM">` q<0`</span> <br />C. <span class="AM">` q=0`</span> <br />D. No se puede saber.<br /><br /><<answer T text:"Problema A-1-1 Solucion" label:"Respuesta">><br /><br />!Pregunta 2<br />La magnitud del campo eléctrico dentro del cilindro <span style="font-weight: bold;">A</span> es:<br /><br /><<answer S^ id:PA1>><span class="AM">`|vecE|>0`</span> <br /><<answer S^ id:PA1>><span class="AM">` |vecE|<0`</span> <br /><<answer S^ id:PA1 text:"OK+Problema A-1-2 Solucion">><span class="AM">` |vecE|=0`</span> <br /><br />!Pregunta 3<br />La carga en la superfice <span style="text-decoration: underline;">exterior</span> del cilindro <span style="font-weight: bold;">A</span> es:<br /><br />A. <span class="AM">` q>0`</span> <br />B. <span class="AM">` q<0`</span> <br />C. <span class="AM">` q=0`</span> <br />D. No se puede saber.<br /><br /><<answer T text:"Problema A-1-3 Solucion" label:"Respuesta">><br /><br />!Pregunta 4<br />LA carga en la superficie interior del cilindro B es:<br /><br /><<answer S^ id:PA4 text:"OK+Problema A-1-4 Solucion">><span class="AM">` q(+)`</span> <br /><<answer S^ id:PA4>><span class="AM">` q(-)`</span> <br /><<answer S^ id:PA4>><span class="AM">` q=0`</span> <br /><br /><br /><br />\n</html>
<html>Sabemos que las cargas eléctricas siempre se agrupan en la superficie exterior de los cuerpos, por lo tanto la respuesta correcta es C, <span class="AM">` q=0`</span>.<br /><br />La respuesta correcta es <span style="font-weight: bold;">C</span>.<br /><br />\n</html>
<html>Si no existe carga eléctrica en el interior del cilindro, tampoco existirá el campo eléctrico; por lo tanto <span class="AM">` |vecE|=0`</span>.<br /></html>
<html>Al estar conectado directamente al casco del generador de Van de Graaf, las cargas negativas generadas por el son transferidas por medio del cable a la superficie exterior del cilindro A. Por lo tanto su carga será <span class="AM">` q<0`</span>.<br /><br />La respuesta correcta es <span style="font-weight: bold;">B</span>.<br /></html>
<html>Al presentarse cargas negativas en la superficie exterior del cilindro A, se induce en la cara interior del cilindro B la presencia de cargas positivas debido a una interacción de atracción de cargas.<br /></html>
<html><font size="2"> En la figura se muestra una superficie muy grande coincidente con el plano yz, una línea muy larga paralela al eje z que pasa por los puntos <span class="AM">`E(20,10,0)[cm]`</span> y <span class="AM">`F(20,10,30)[cm]`</span> y una carga puntual <span class="AM">`q=1xx10^(-10) [C]`</span> ubicada en el punto <span class="AM">`D(20,0,0)[cm]`</span>. Si la fuerza eléctrica sobre la carga <span class="AM">` q`</span> es<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"> <span class="AM">` vecF_q=(1xx10^(-9)hati+2xx10^(-9)hatj)[N]`</span></font> <br />[img[./images/P2-a.jpg]]<br /></div>Y se desprecian los efectos de inducción, Calcule lo siguiente:<br /><br />!Pregunta 1<br />La magnitud y signo de la densidad de carga superficial es:<br /><br /><div style="margin-left: 40px;">A. <span class="AM">`1.77xx10^(-10) [C/m^2]`</span> negativa<br />B. <span class="AM">`0.88xx10^(-10)[C/m^2]`</span> positiva<br />C. <span class="AM">` 1.77xx10^(-10)[C/m^2]`</span> positiva<br />D. <span class="AM">` 0.88xx10^(-10)[C/m^2]`</span> negativa<br /></div><<answer T text:"Problema A-2-1 Solucion" label:"Respuesta">><br /><br /><br /></html>
<html>Sabemos que <span class="AM">` vecF=vecE*q`</span> <br /></html>
<html><span class="AM"></span><font size="2">En el SI las unidades de campo eléctrico es <span class="AM">` N/C`</span> (Newton entre Coulomb). ¿De qué otra forma se pueden expresar estas unidades?<br /><br /><<answer S^ id:PA3>><span class="AM">` J/C`</span> (Joules entre Coulomb)<br /><<answer S^ id:PA3 text:"OK+Problema A-3 Solucion">><span class="AM">` V/m`</span> (Volt entre metro)<br /><<answer S^ id:PA3>><span class="AM">` V/N`</span> (Volt entre Newton)<br /><<answer S^ id:PA3>><span class="AM">` C/m`</span> (Coulomb entre metro)</font><br /></html>
<html>De la definición de campo eléctrico sabemos que:<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`E=F/q`</span> <br /></div>Por lo tanto sus unidades<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`{"Unidades de E"} = ("newton")/("coulomb")`</span> <br /></div>Si multiplicamos numerador y denominador por metro<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`{"Unidades de E"}=("newton"xx"metro")/("coulomb"xx"metro")`</span> <br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`="joule"/("coulomb"xx"metro")`</span> <br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`=("joule"/"coulomb")/"metro"`</span> <br /></div>Mediante la definición de Volt, dada en el aputo de [[Diferencia de potencial]], tenemos:<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`"joule"/"coulomb"="volt"`</span> <br /></div>Por lo tanto:<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="AM">`{"Unidades de E"}="volt"/"metro"=V/m`</span> <br /></div><br />\n</html>
<html><font size="2">La unidades de la tabla son <span class="AM">` "MegaVolt"/"metro"`</span>, o en notación científica se representaría como <br /><span class="AM">`10^6 "Volts"/"metro"`</span>. Si, por ejemplo, se deseara romper la rigidez dieléctrica del aire, se necesita una diferencia de potencial de <span class="AM">` 3 (MV)/m`</span> o <span class="AM">` 3xx10^6 V/m`</span> lo que serían <span style="font-weight: bold;">tres millones</span> de volts por cada metro de separación entre los conductores.</font><br /></html>
<html><font size="2">La rigidez dieléctrica de un material es la intensidad del campo eléctrico para el cual el material dieléctrico pierde su propiedad aisladora para convertirse en un material conductor.<br /><br />Existe un límite para la intensidad del campo que puede existir en un capacitor de placas planas y paralelas con aire entre ellas sin que se ionice este. Cuando ello ocurre, el aire se convierte en un conductor.<br /><br />La rigidez dieléctrica también puede ser definida como como el máximo voltaje que puede soportar un aislante sin perforarse. A este voltaje se le denomina <b>voltaje de ruptura.<br /></b><br />Para que un material pueda ser considerado dieléctrico, dicho material debe de poseer una rigidez dieléctrica no nula.<br /><br />A continuación se lista los dieléctricos más comunes y su rigidez dieléctrica:</font><br /><br /><table border="1" style="width: 473px; height: 264px;"><tbody><tr><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Material</span><br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Rigidez Dieléctrica <span class="AMedit">` [(MV)/m]`</span> {{{*}}}</span><br /></td></tr><tr><td>Aire<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">3<br /></td></tr><tr><td>Cuarzo<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">8<br /></td></tr><tr><td>Neopreno<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">12<br /></td></tr><tr><td>Vidrio<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">13.8<br /></td></tr><tr><td>Nylon<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">14<br /></td></tr><tr><td>Papel<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">16<br /></td></tr><tr><td>Agua<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">70<br /></td></tr><tr><td>Sal<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">150<br /></td></tr><tr><td>Teflón<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">173<br /></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;">Mica de Polietileno<br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">300<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />{{{*}}}<<answer T text:"RigDieExp" label:"Nota">><br /></html>
/***\n|Name|SinglePageModePlugin|\n|Source|http://www.TiddlyTools.com/#SinglePageModePlugin|\n|Version|2.3.1|\n|Author|Eric Shulman - ELS Design Studios|\n|License|http://www.TiddlyTools.com/#LegalStatements <<br>>and [[Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 License|http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/]]|\n|~CoreVersion|2.1|\n|Type|plugin|\n|Requires||\n|Overrides|Story.prototype.displayTiddler(), Story.prototype.displayTiddlers()|\n|Description|Display tiddlers one at a time with automatic update of URL (permalink). Also, options to always open tiddlers at top/bottom of page|\n\nNormally, as you click on the links in TiddlyWiki, more and more tiddlers are displayed on the page. The order of this tiddler display depends upon when and where you have clicked. Some people like this non-linear method of reading the document, while others have reported that when many tiddlers have been opened, it can get somewhat confusing.\n\n!!!!!Usage\n<<<\nSinglePageMode allows you to configure TiddlyWiki to navigate more like a traditional multipage web site with only one item displayed at a time. When SinglePageMode is enabled, the title of the current tiddler is automatically displayed in the browser window's titlebar and the browser's location URL is updated with a 'permalink' for the current tiddler so that it is easier to create a browser 'bookmark' for the current tiddler.\n\nEven when SinglePageMode is disabled (i.e., displaying multiple tiddlers is permitted), you can reduce the potential for confusion by enable TopOfPageMode, which forces tiddlers to always open at the top of the page instead of being displayed following the tiddler containing the link that was clicked.\n<<<\n!!!!!Configuration\n<<<\nWhen installed, this plugin automatically adds checkboxes in the AdvancedOptions tiddler so you can enable/disable the plugin behavior. For convenience, these checkboxes are also included here:\n\n<<option chkSinglePageMode>> Display one tiddler at a time\n<<option chkTopOfPageMode>> Always open tiddlers at the top of the page\n<<option chkBottomOfPageMode>> Always open tiddlers at the bottom of the page\n//(note: if both settings are selected, "top of page" is used)//\n<<<\n!!!!!Installation\n<<<\nimport (or copy/paste) the following tiddlers into your document:\n''SinglePageModePlugin'' (tagged with <<tag systemConfig>>)\n^^documentation and javascript for SinglePageMode handling^^\n\nWhen installed, this plugin automatically adds checkboxes in the ''shadow'' AdvancedOptions tiddler so you can enable/disable this behavior. However, if you have customized your AdvancedOptions, you will need to ''manually add these checkboxes to your customized tiddler.''\n<<<\n!!!!!Revision History\n<<<\n''2007.03.03 [2.3.1]'' fix typo when adding BPM option to AdvancedOptions (prevented checkbox from appearing)\n''2007.03.03 [2.3.0]'' added support for BottomOfPageMode (BPM) based on request from DaveGarbutt\n''2007.02.06 [2.2.3]'' in Story.prototype.displayTiddler(), use convertUnicodeToUTF8() for correct I18N string handling when creating URL hash string from tiddler title (based on bug report from BidiX)\n''2007.01.08 [2.2.2]'' use apply() to invoke hijacked core functions\n''2006.07.04 [2.2.1]'' in hijack for displayTiddlers(), suspend TPM as well as SPM so that DefaultTiddlers displays in the correct order.\n''2006.06.01 [2.2.0]'' added chkTopOfPageMode (TPM) handling\n''2006.02.04 [2.1.1]'' moved global variable declarations to config.* to avoid FireFox 1.5.0.1 crash bug when assigning to globals\n''2005.12.27 [2.1.0]'' hijack displayTiddlers() so that SPM can be suspended during startup while displaying the DefaultTiddlers (or #hash list). Also, corrected initialization for undefined SPM flag to "false", so default behavior is to display multiple tiddlers\n''2005.12.27 [2.0.0]'' Update for TW2.0\n''2005.11.24 [1.1.2]'' When the back and forward buttons are used, the page now changes to match the URL. Based on code added by Clint Checketts\n''2005.10.14 [1.1.1]'' permalink creation now calls encodeTiddlyLink() to handle tiddler titles with spaces in them\n''2005.10.14 [1.1.0]'' added automatic setting of window title and location bar ('auto-permalink'). feature suggestion by David Dickens.\n''2005.10.09 [1.0.1]'' combined documentation and code in a single tiddler\n''2005.08.15 [1.0.0]'' Initial Release\n<<<\n!!!!!Credits\n<<<\nThis feature was developed by EricShulman from [[ELS Design Studios|http:/www.elsdesign.com]].\nSupport for BACK/FORWARD buttons adapted from code developed by Clint Checketts\n<<<\n!!!!!Code\n***/\n//{{{\nversion.extensions.SinglePageMode= {major: 2, minor: 3, revision: 1, date: new Date(2007,3,3)};\n\nif (config.options.chkSinglePageMode==undefined) config.options.chkSinglePageMode=false;\nconfig.shadowTiddlers.AdvancedOptions += "\sn<<option chkSinglePageMode>> Display one tiddler at a time";\n\nif (config.options.chkTopOfPageMode==undefined) config.options.chkTopOfPageMode=false;\nconfig.shadowTiddlers.AdvancedOptions += "\sn<<option chkTopOfPageMode>> Always open tiddlers at the top of the page";\n\nif (config.options.chkBottomOfPageMode==undefined) config.options.chkBottomOfPageMode=false;\nconfig.shadowTiddlers.AdvancedOptions += "\sn<<option chkBottomOfPageMode>> Always open tiddlers at the bottom of the page";\n\nconfig.SPMTimer = 0;\nconfig.lastURL = window.location.hash;\nfunction checkLastURL()\n{\n if (!config.options.chkSinglePageMode)\n { window.clearInterval(config.SPMTimer); config.SPMTimer=0; return; }\n if (config.lastURL == window.location.hash)\n return;\n var tiddlerName = convertUTF8ToUnicode(decodeURI(window.location.hash.substr(1)));\n tiddlerName=tiddlerName.replace(/\s[\s[/,"").replace(/\s]\s]/,""); // strip any [[ ]] bracketing\n if (tiddlerName.length) story.displayTiddler(null,tiddlerName,1,null,null);\n}\n\nif (Story.prototype.SPM_coreDisplayTiddler==undefined) Story.prototype.SPM_coreDisplayTiddler=Story.prototype.displayTiddler;\nStory.prototype.displayTiddler = function(srcElement,title,template,animate,slowly)\n{\n if (config.options.chkSinglePageMode) {\n window.location.hash = encodeURIComponent(convertUnicodeToUTF8(String.encodeTiddlyLink(title)));\n config.lastURL = window.location.hash;\n document.title = wikifyPlain("SiteTitle") + " - " + title;\n story.closeAllTiddlers();\n if (!config.SPMTimer) config.SPMTimer=window.setInterval(function() {checkLastURL();},1000);\n }\n if (config.options.chkTopOfPageMode) { story.closeTiddler(title); srcElement=null; }\n else if (config.options.chkBottomOfPageMode) { story.closeTiddler(title); srcElement="bottom"; }\n this.SPM_coreDisplayTiddler.apply(this,arguments);\n if (config.options.chkTopOfPageMode) window.scrollTo(0,0); // make sure top of page is visible\n else if (config.options.chkBottomOfPageMode) {\n var display=document.getElementById("tiddlerDisplay"); // for TW2.1-\n if (!display) var display=document.getElementById("storyDisplay"); // for TW2.2+\n window.scrollTo(0,ensureVisible(display.lastChild)); // make sure last tiddler is visible\n }\n}\n\nif (Story.prototype.SPM_coreDisplayTiddlers==undefined) Story.prototype.SPM_coreDisplayTiddlers=Story.prototype.displayTiddlers;\nStory.prototype.displayTiddlers = function(srcElement,titles,template,unused1,unused2,animate,slowly)\n{\n // suspend single-page mode (and/or top/bottom display options) when showing multiple tiddlers\n var saveSPM=config.options.chkSinglePageMode; config.options.chkSinglePageMode=false;\n var saveTPM=config.options.chkTopOfPageMode; config.options.chkTopOfPageMode=false;\n var saveBPM=config.options.chkBottomOfPageMode; config.options.chkBottomOfPageMode=false;\n this.SPM_coreDisplayTiddlers.apply(this,arguments);\n config.options.chkBottomOfPageMode=saveBPM;\n config.options.chkTopOfPageMode=saveTPM;\n config.options.chkSinglePageMode=saveSPM;\n}\n//}}}
<html>Recursos para los alumnos de Electricidad y Magnetismo<br /></html>
<html>ElectriWiki</html>
//{{{\nvar old_lewcid_splash_restart=restart;\n\nrestart = function()\n{ if (document.getElementById("SplashScreen"))\n document.getElementById("SplashScreen").style.display = "none";\n if (document.getElementById("contentWrapper"))\n document.getElementById("contentWrapper").style.display = "block";\n \n old_lewcid_splash_restart();\n \n if (splashScreenInstall)\n {if(config.options.chkAutoSave)\n {saveChanges();}\n displayMessage("TW SplashScreen has been installed, please save and refresh your TW.");\n }\n}\n\n\nvar oldText = store.getTiddlerText("MarkupPreHead");\nif (oldText.indexOf("SplashScreen")==-1)\n {var siteTitle = store.getTiddlerText("SiteTitle");\n var splasher='\sn\sn<style type="text/css">#contentWrapper {display:none;}</style><div id="SplashScreen" style="border: 3px solid #ccc; display: block; text-align: center; width: 320px; margin: 100px auto; padding: 50px; color:#000; font-size: 28px; font-family:Tahoma; background-color:#eee;"><b>'+siteTitle +'</b> is loading<blink> ...</blink><br><br><span style="font-size: 14px; color:red;">Requires Javascript.</span></div>';\n if (! store.tiddlerExists("MarkupPreHead"))\n {var myTiddler = store.createTiddler("MarkupPreHead");}\n else\n {var myTiddler = store.getTiddler("MarkupPreHead");}\n myTiddler.set(myTiddler.title,oldText+splasher,config.options.txtUserName,null,null);\n store.setDirty(true);\n var splashScreenInstall = true;\n}\n//}}}
[[StyleSheetCommon]]\n#displayArea {margin-right:1em;}
/*{{{*/\n/*WikiMath TiddlyWiki Theme*/\n/*Version 1.0*/\n/*Design and CSS originally by Anthony, \n ported to TiddlyWiki by Saq Imtiaz,\n modified by George Brackett*/\n/*}}}*/\n/*{{{*/\n\nbody {\n background: #efefe0;\n color: #666;\n}\n\n#contentWrapper{\n margin: 0 3.4em;\n font-family: Lucida Grande, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; /* Lucida Grande for the Macs, Tahoma for the PCs */\n font-size: 11px;\n line-height: 1.6em;\n color: #666;\n}\n\n.header {\n background: #efefe0; \n padding-top: 10px;\n clear: both;\n border-bottom: 4px solid #948979;\n}\n\n.headerShadow {\n padding: 2.6em 0em 0.5em 0em;\n}\n\n.siteTitle {\n font-family: 'Trebuchet MS' sans-serif;\n font-weight: bold;\n font-size: 32px;\n color: #CC6633;\n margin-bottom: 30px;\n background-color: #efefe0;\n}\n\n.siteTitle a {\n color:#CC6633; \n border-bottom:1px dotted #cc6633;\n}\n\n.siteSubtitle {\n font-size: 1.0em;\n display: block;\n margin: .5em 3em; \n color: #999;\n}\n\n#mainMenu {\n position:relative;\n float:left;\n margin-bottom:1em;\n display:inline;\n text-align:left;\n padding: 2em 0.5em 0.5em 0em;\n width:13em;\n font-size:1em;\n}\n\n#mainMenu a {\n display: block;\n padding: 5px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid #CCC;\n}\n\n#mainMenu a:link, #navlist a:visited {\n color:#CC6714;\n text-decoration: none;\n}\n\n#mainMenu a:hover {\n \n background-color: #F5F5F5;\n color:#CC6714;\n}\n\n#mainMenu br {\n display:none;\n}\n\n#sidebar{\n position:relative;\n float:right;\n margin-bottom:1em;\n padding-top:2em;\n display:inline;\n}\n\n#displayArea {\n margin: 0em 17em 0em 15em;\n}\n\n.tagClear {\n clear:none;\n}\n\n#contentFooter {\n background:#575352;\n color:#BFB6B3;\n clear: both;\n padding: 0.5em 1em;\n}\n\n\n#contentFooter a {\n color: #BFB6B3;\n border-bottom: 1px dotted #BFB6B3;\n}\n\n#contentFooter a:hover {\n color: #FFFFFF;\n background-color:#575352;\n}\n\na, #sidebarOptions .sliderPanel a {\n color:#CC6714;\n text-decoration: none;\n}\n\na:hover, #sidebarOptions .sliderPanel a:hover {\n color:#CC6714;\n background-color: #F5F5F5; \n}\n\n.viewer .button, .editorFooter .button{\n color: #666;\n border: 1px solid #CC6714;\n}\n\n.viewer .button:hover, .editorFooter .button:hover {\n color: #fff;\n background: #CC6714;\n border-color: #CC6714;\n}\n\n.viewer .button:active, .viewer .highlight,.editorFooter .button:active, .editorFooter .highlight{\n color:#fff;\n background:#575352;\n border-color:#575352;\n}\n\n\n#sidebarOptions a {\n color:#999;\n text-decoration: none;\n}\n\n#sidebarOptions a:hover {\n color:#4F4B45;\n background-color: #F5F5F5;\n border:1px solid #fff;\n}\n\n#sidebarOptions {\n line-height:1.4em;\n}\n\n.tiddler {\n padding-bottom: 40px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid #DDD; \n}\n\n.title {\n color:#C63;\n\n}\n.subtitle, .subtitle a {\n color: #999; \n font-size: 1.0em;\n margin:0.2em;\n}\n\n.shadow .title{\n color:#948979;\n}\n\n.selected .toolbar a {\n color:#999;\n}\n\n.selected .toolbar a:hover {\n color:#4F4B45; \n background:transparent;\n border:1px solid #fff;\n}\n\n.toolbar .button:hover, .toolbar .highlight, .toolbar .marked, .toolbar a.button:active {\n color:#4F4B45; \n background:transparent;\n border:1px solid #fff;\n}\n\n .listLink,#sidebarTabs .tabContents {\n line-height:1.5em;\n }\n \n .listTitle {\n color:#888;\n }\n\n#sidebarTabs .tabContents {\n background:#efefe0;\n}\n\n#sidebarTabs .tabContents .tiddlyLink, #sidebarTabs .tabContents .button {\n color:#999;\n}\n\n#sidebarTabs .tabContents .tiddlyLink:hover, #sidebarTabs .tabContents .button:hover {\n color:#4F4B45;\n background:##efefe0;\n}\n\n#sidebarTabs .tabContents .button:hover, #sidebarTabs .tabContents .highlight, #sidebarTabs .tabContents .marked, #sidebarTabs .tabContents a.button:active { \n color:#4F4B45;\n background:##efefe0\n}\n\n.tabSelected { \n color:#fff; \n background:#948979;\n}\n\n.tabUnselected {\n background: #ccc;\n}\n\n .tabSelected, .tabSelected:hover {\n color: #fff;\n background: #948979;\n border: solid 1px #948979;\n padding-bottom:1px;\n}\n\n.tabUnselected {\n color: #999;\n background: #eee;\n border: solid 1px #ccc;\n padding-bottom:1px;\n}\n\n#sidebarTabs .tabUnselected { \n border-bottom: none;\n padding-bottom:3px;\n}\n\n#sidebarTabs .tabSelected {\n padding-bottom:3px;\n}\n\n#sidebarTabs .tabUnselected:hover { \n border-bottom: none;\n padding-bottom:3px;\n color:#4F4B45\n}\n\n#sidebarOptions .sliderPanel {\n background: #efefe0; border:none;\n font-size: .9em;\n}\n\n#sidebarOptions .sliderPanel a {\n font-weight:normal;\n}\n\n#sidebarOptions .sliderPanel input {\n border:1px solid #999;\n}\n\n.viewer blockquote {\n border-left: 3px solid #948979;\n}\n\n.viewer table {\n border: 2px solid #666;\n}\n\n.viewer th, thead td {\n background: #948979;\n border: 1px solid #948979;\n color: #fff;\n}\n.viewer pre {\n border: 1px solid #948979;\n background: #f5f5f5;\n}\n\n.viewer code {\n color: #2F2A29;\n}\n\n.viewer hr {\n border-top: dashed 1px #948979;\n}\n\n.editor input {\n border: 1px solid #948979;\n}\n\n.editor textarea {\n border: 1px solid #948979;\n}\n\n.popup {\n background: #948979;\n border: 1px solid #948979;\n}\n\n.popup li.disabled {\n color: #000;\n}\n\n.popup li a, .popup li a:visited {\n color: #eee;\n border: none;\n}\n\n.popup li a:hover {\n background: #575352;\n color: #fff;\n border: none;\n}\n\n.tagging, .tagged {\n border: 1px solid #eee;\n background-color: #F7F7F7;\n}\n\n.selected .tagging, .selected .tagged {\n background-color: #eee;\n border: 1px solid #BFBAB3;\n}\n\n.tagging .listTitle, .tagged .listTitle {\n color: #bbb;\n}\n\n.selected .tagging .listTitle, .selected .tagged .listTitle {\n color: #666; \n}\n\n.tagging .button, .tagged .button {\n color:#aaa;\n}\n\n.selected .tagging .button, .selected .tagged .button {\n color:#4F4B45;\n}\n\n.highlight, .marked {\n background:transparent; \n color:#111; \n border:none; \n text-decoration:underline;\n}\n\n.tagging .button:hover, .tagged .button:hover, .tagging .button:active, .tagged .button:active {\n border: none; \n background:transparent; \n text-decoration:underline; color:#000;\n}\n\nh1,h2,h3,h4,h5 { \n color: #666; \n background: transparent; \n padding-bottom:2px; \n font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; \n}\n\nh1 {font-size:18px;}\nh2 {font-size:16px;}\nh3 {font-size: 14px;}\n\n#messageArea {\n border: 4px solid #948979;\n background: #f5f5f5;\n color: #999;\n font-size:90%;\n}\n\n#messageArea a:hover { \n background:#f5f5f5;\n}\n\n#messageArea .button {\n color: #666;\n border: 1px solid #CC6714;\n}\n\n#messageArea .button:hover {\n color: #fff;\n background: #948979;\n border-color: #948979;\n}\n\n\n* html .viewer pre {\n margin-left: 0em;\n}\n\n* html .editor textarea, * html .editor input {\n width: 98%;\n}\n\n.searchBar {\n float:right;\n font-size: 1.0em;\n}\n\n.searchBar .button {\n color:#999;\n display:block;\n}\n\n.searchBar .button:hover {\n border:1px solid #fff;\n color:#4F4B45;\n}\n\n.searchBar input { \n background-color: #FFF;\n color: #999;\n border: 1px solid #CCC; margin-right:3px;\n}\n\n#sidebarOptions .button:active, #sidebarOptions .highlight {\n background:#F5F5F5;\n}\n\n*html #contentFooter { \n padding:0.25em 1em 0.5em 1em;\n}\n\n#noticeBoard {\n font-size: 0.9em; \n color:#999; \n position:relative;\n display:block;\n background:#efefe0; \n clear: both; \n margin-right:0.5em; \n margin-top:60px; \n padding:5px; \n border-bottom: 1px dotted #CCC; \n border-top: 1px dotted #CCC;\n}\n\n#mainMenu #noticeBoard a, #mainMenu #noticeBoard .tiddlyLink {\n display:inline;\n border:none;\n padding:5px 2px;\n color:#DF9153 \n}\n\n#noticeBoard a:hover {\n border:none;\n} \n\n#noticeBoard br {\n display:inline;\n}\n\n#mainMenu #noticeBoard .button{\n color: #666;\n border: 1px solid #DF9153;\n padding:2px;\n}\n\n#mainMenu #noticeBoard .button:hover {\n color: #fff;\n background: #DF9153;\n border-color: #DF9153;\n}\n/*}}}*/
<<forEachTiddler \n where \n 'tiddler.tags.contains("Page")'\nsortBy \n '(tiddler.title.toLowerCase())'\n>>
//{{{\n// /%\nconfig.tagger={defaults:{label:"Tags: ",tooltip:"Manage tiddler tags",taglist:"true",excludeTags:"",notags:"tiddler has no tags",aretags:"current tiddler tags:",toggletext:"add tags:"}};config.macros.tagger={};config.macros.tagger.arrow=(document.all?"▼":"▾");config.macros.tagger.handler=function(_1,_2,_3,_4,_5,_6){var _7=config.tagger.defaults;var _8=_5.parseParams("tagman",null,true);var _9=((_8[0].label)&&(_8[0].label[0])!=".")?_8[0].label[0]+this.arrow:_7.label+this.arrow;var _a=((_8[0].tooltip)&&(_8[0].tooltip[0])!=".")?_8[0].tooltip[0]:_7.tooltip;var _b=((_8[0].taglist)&&(_8[0].taglist[0])!=".")?_8[0].taglist[0]:_7.taglist;var _c=((_8[0].exclude)&&(_8[0].exclude[0])!=".")?(_8[0].exclude[0]).readBracketedList():_7.excludeTags.readBracketedList();if((_8[0].source)&&(_8[0].source[0])!="."){var _d=_8[0].source[0];}if(_d&&!store.getTiddler(_d)){return false;}var _e=function(e){if(!e){var e=window.event;}var _11=Popup.create(this);var _12=store.getTags();var _13=new Array();for(var i=0;i<_12.length;i++){_13.push(_12[i][0]);}if(_d){var _15=store.getTiddler(_d);_13=_15.tags.sort();}var _16=_6.tags.sort();var _17=function(_18,_19,_1a){var sp=createTiddlyElement(createTiddlyElement(_11,"li"),"span",null,"tagger");var _1c=createTiddlyButton(sp,_18,_1a+" '"+_19+"'",taggerOnToggle,"button","toggleButton");_1c.setAttribute("tiddler",_6.title);_1c.setAttribute("tag",_19);insertSpacer(sp);if(window.createTagButton_orig_mptw){createTagButton_orig_mptw(sp,_19)}else{createTagButton(sp,_19);}};createTiddlyElement(_11,"li",null,"listTitle",(_6.tags.length==0?_7.notags:_7.aretags));for(var t=0;t<_16.length;t++){_17("[x]",_16[t],"remove tag ");}createTiddlyElement(createTiddlyElement(_11,"li"),"hr");if(_b!="false"){createTiddlyElement(_11,"li",null,"listTitle",_7.toggletext);for(var i=0;i<_13.length;i++){if(!_6.tags.contains(_13[i])&&!_c.contains(_13[i])){_17("[ ]",_13[i],"add tag ");}}createTiddlyElement(createTiddlyElement(_11,"li"),"hr");}var _1f=createTiddlyButton(createTiddlyElement(_11,"li"),("Create new tag"),null,taggerOnToggle);_1f.setAttribute("tiddler",_6.title);if(_d){_1f.setAttribute("source",_d);}Popup.show(_11,false);e.cancelBubble=true;if(e.stopPropagation){e.stopPropagation();}return (false);};createTiddlyButton(_1,_9,_a,_e,"button","taggerDrpBtn");};window.taggerOnToggle=function(e){var tag=this.getAttribute("tag");var _22=this.getAttribute("tiddler");var _23=store.getTiddler(_22);if(!tag){var _24=prompt("Enter new tag:","");if(_24!=""&&_24!=null){var tag=_24;if(this.getAttribute("source")){var _26=store.getTiddler(this.getAttribute("source"));_26.tags.pushUnique(_24);}}else{return false;}}if(!_23||!_23.tags){store.saveTiddler(_22,_22,"",config.options.txtUserName,new Date(),tag);}else{if(_23.tags.find(tag)==null){_23.tags.push(tag);}else{if(!_24){_23.tags.splice(_23.tags.find(tag),1);}}store.saveTiddler(_23.title,_23.title,_23.text,_23.modifier,_23.modified,_23.tags);}story.refreshTiddler(_22,null,true);if(config.options.chkAutoSave){saveChanges();}return false;};setStylesheet(".tagger a.button {font-weight: bold;display:inline; padding:0px;}\sn"+".tagger #toggleButton {padding-left:2px; padding-right:2px; margin-right:1px; font-size:110%;}\sn"+"#nestedtagger {background:#2E5ADF; border: 1px solid #0331BF;}\sn"+".popup .listTitle {color:#000;}\sn"+"","TaggerStyles");window.lewcidTiddlerSwapTag=function(_27,_28,_29){for(var i=0;i<_27.tags.length;i++){if(_27.tags[i]==_28){_27.tags[i]=_29;return true;}}return false;};window.lewcidRenameTag=function(e){var tag=this.getAttribute("tag");var _2d=prompt("Rename tag '"+tag+"' to:",tag);if((_2d==tag)||(_2d==null)){return false;}if(store.tiddlerExists(_2d)){if(confirm(config.messages.overwriteWarning.format([_2d.toString()]))){story.closeTiddler(_2d,false,false);}else{return null;}}tagged=store.getTaggedTiddlers(tag);if(tagged.length!=0){for(var j=0;j<tagged.length;j++){lewcidTiddlerSwapTag(tagged[j],tag,_2d);}}if(store.tiddlerExists(tag)){store.saveTiddler(tag,_2d);}if(document.getElementById("tiddler"+tag)){var _2f=document.getElementById(story.idPrefix+tag);var _30=story.positionTiddler(_2f);var _31=document.getElementById(story.container);story.closeTiddler(tag,false,false);story.createTiddler(_31,_30,_2d,null);story.saveTiddler(_2d);}if(config.options.chkAutoSave){saveChanges();}return false;};window.onClickTag=function(e){if(!e){var e=window.event;}var _34=resolveTarget(e);var _35=(!isNested(_34));if((Popup.stack.length>1)&&(_35==true)){Popup.removeFrom(1);}else{if(Popup.stack.length>0&&_35==false){Popup.removeFrom(0);}}var _36=(_35==false)?"popup":"nestedtagger";var _37=createTiddlyElement(document.body,"ol",_36,"popup",null);Popup.stack.push({root:this,popup:_37});var tag=this.getAttribute("tag");var _39=this.getAttribute("tiddler");if(_37&&tag){var _3a=store.getTaggedTiddlers(tag);var _3b=[];var li,r;for(r=0;r<_3a.length;r++){if(_3a[r].title!=_39){_3b.push(_3a[r].title);}}var _3d=config.views.wikified.tag;if(_3b.length>0){var _3e=createTiddlyButton(createTiddlyElement(_37,"li"),_3d.openAllText.format([tag]),_3d.openAllTooltip,onClickTagOpenAll);_3e.setAttribute("tag",tag);createTiddlyElement(createTiddlyElement(_37,"li"),"hr");for(r=0;r<_3b.length;r++){createTiddlyLink(createTiddlyElement(_37,"li"),_3b[r],true);}}else{createTiddlyText(createTiddlyElement(_37,"li",null,"disabled"),_3d.popupNone.format([tag]));}createTiddlyElement(createTiddlyElement(_37,"li"),"hr");var h=createTiddlyLink(createTiddlyElement(_37,"li"),tag,false);createTiddlyText(h,_3d.openTag.format([tag]));createTiddlyElement(createTiddlyElement(_37,"li"),"hr");var _40=createTiddlyButton(createTiddlyElement(_37,"li"),("Rename tag '"+tag+"'"),null,lewcidRenameTag);_40.setAttribute("tag",tag);}Popup.show(_37,false);e.cancelBubble=true;if(e.stopPropagation){e.stopPropagation();}return (false);};if(!window.isNested){window.isNested=function(e){while(e!=null){var _42=document.getElementById("contentWrapper");if(_42==e){return true;}e=e.parentNode;}return false;};}config.shadowTiddlers.TaggerPluginDocumentation="The documentation is available [[here.|http://tw.lewcid.org/#TaggerPluginDocumentation]]";config.shadowTiddlers.TaggerPluginSource="The uncompressed source code is available [[here.|http://tw.lewcid.org/#TaggerPluginSource]]";\n// %/\n//}}}
//{{{\nconfig.macros.toggleSideBar={};\n\nconfig.macros.toggleSideBar.settings={\n styleHide : "#sidebar { display: none;}\sn"+"#contentWrapper #displayArea { margin-right: 1em;}\sn"+"",\n styleShow : " ",\n arrow1: "«",\n arrow2: "»"\n};\n\nconfig.macros.toggleSideBar.handler=function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler)\n{\n var tooltip= params[1]||'toggle sidebar';\n var mode = (params[2] && params[2]=="hide")? "hide":"show";\n var arrow = (mode == "hide")? this.settings.arrow1:this.settings.arrow2;\n var label= (params[0]&¶ms[0]!='.')?params[0]+" "+arrow:arrow;\n var theBtn = createTiddlyButton(place,label,tooltip,this.onToggleSideBar,"button HideSideBarButton");\n if (mode == "hide")\n { \n (document.getElementById("sidebar")).setAttribute("toggle","hide");\n setStylesheet(this.settings.styleHide,"ToggleSideBarStyles");\n }\n};\n\nconfig.macros.toggleSideBar.onToggleSideBar = function(){\n var sidebar = document.getElementById("sidebar");\n var settings = config.macros.toggleSideBar.settings;\n if (sidebar.getAttribute("toggle")=='hide')\n {\n setStylesheet(settings.styleShow,"ToggleSideBarStyles");\n sidebar.setAttribute("toggle","show");\n this.firstChild.data= (this.firstChild.data).replace(settings.arrow1,settings.arrow2);\n }\n else\n { \n setStylesheet(settings.styleHide,"ToggleSideBarStyles");\n sidebar.setAttribute("toggle","hide");\n this.firstChild.data= (this.firstChild.data).replace(settings.arrow2,settings.arrow1);\n }\n\n return false;\n}\n\nsetStylesheet(".HideSideBarButton .button {font-weight:bold; padding: 0 5px;}\sn","ToggleSideBarButtonStyles");\n\n//}}}
!Options used by UploadPlugin\nUsername: <<option txtUploadUserName>>\nPassword: <<option pasUploadPassword>>\n\nUrl of the UploadService script^^(1)^^: <<option txtUploadStoreUrl 50>>\nRelative Directory where to store the file^^(2)^^: <<option txtUploadDir 50>>\nFilename of the uploaded file^^(3)^^: <<option txtUploadFilename 40>>\nDirectory to backup file on webserver^^(4)^^: <<option txtUploadBackupDir>>\n\n^^(1)^^Mandatory either in UploadOptions or in macro parameter\n^^(2)^^If empty stores in the script directory\n^^(3)^^If empty takes the actual filename\n^^(4)^^If empty existing file with same name on webserver will be overwritten\n\n<<upload>> with these options.\n\n!Upload Macro parameters\n{{{\n<<upload [storeUrl [toFilename [backupDir [uploadDir [username]]]]]>>\n Optional positional parameters can be passed to overwrite \n UploadOptions. \n}}}\n\n
//{{{\nversion.extensions.UploadPlugin = {\n major: 3, minor: 4, revision: 5, \n date: new Date(2006,9,15),\n source: 'http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#UploadPlugin',\n documentation: 'http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#UploadDoc',\n author: 'BidiX (BidiX (at) bidix (dot) info',\n license: '[[BSD open source license|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#%5B%5BBSD%20open%20source%20license%5D%5D]]',\n coreVersion: '2.0.0',\n browser: 'Firefox 1.5; InternetExplorer 6.0; Safari'\n};\n//}}}\n\n////+++!![config.lib.file]\n\n//{{{\nif (!config.lib) config.lib = {};\nif (!config.lib.file) config.lib.file= {\n author: 'BidiX',\n version: {major: 0, minor: 1, revision: 0}, \n date: new Date(2006,3,9)\n};\nconfig.lib.file.dirname = function (filePath) {\n var lastpos;\n if ((lastpos = filePath.lastIndexOf("/")) != -1) {\n return filePath.substring(0, lastpos);\n } else {\n return filePath.substring(0, filePath.lastIndexOf("\s\s"));\n }\n};\nconfig.lib.file.basename = function (filePath) {\n var lastpos;\n if ((lastpos = filePath.lastIndexOf("#")) != -1) \n filePath = filePath.substring(0, lastpos);\n if ((lastpos = filePath.lastIndexOf("/")) != -1) {\n return filePath.substring(lastpos + 1);\n } else\n return filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf("\s\s")+1);\n};\nwindow.basename = function() {return "@@deprecated@@";};\n//}}}\n////===\n\n////+++!![config.lib.log]\n\n//{{{\nif (!config.lib) config.lib = {};\nif (!config.lib.log) config.lib.log= {\n author: 'BidiX',\n version: {major: 0, minor: 1, revision: 1}, \n date: new Date(2006,8,19)\n};\nconfig.lib.Log = function(tiddlerTitle, logHeader) {\n if (version.major < 2)\n this.tiddler = store.tiddlers[tiddlerTitle];\n else\n this.tiddler = store.getTiddler(tiddlerTitle);\n if (!this.tiddler) {\n this.tiddler = new Tiddler();\n this.tiddler.title = tiddlerTitle;\n this.tiddler.text = "| !date | !user | !location |" + logHeader;\n this.tiddler.created = new Date();\n this.tiddler.modifier = config.options.txtUserName;\n this.tiddler.modified = new Date();\n if (version.major < 2)\n store.tiddlers[tiddlerTitle] = this.tiddler;\n else\n store.addTiddler(this.tiddler);\n }\n return this;\n};\n\nconfig.lib.Log.prototype.newLine = function (line) {\n var now = new Date();\n var newText = "| ";\n newText += now.getDate()+"/"+(now.getMonth()+1)+"/"+now.getFullYear() + " ";\n newText += now.getHours()+":"+now.getMinutes()+":"+now.getSeconds()+" | ";\n newText += config.options.txtUserName + " | ";\n var location = document.location.toString();\n var filename = config.lib.file.basename(location);\n if (!filename) filename = '/';\n newText += "[["+filename+"|"+location + "]] |";\n this.tiddler.text = this.tiddler.text + "\sn" + newText;\n this.addToLine(line);\n};\n\nconfig.lib.Log.prototype.addToLine = function (text) {\n this.tiddler.text = this.tiddler.text + text;\n this.tiddler.modifier = config.options.txtUserName;\n this.tiddler.modified = new Date();\n if (version.major < 2)\n store.tiddlers[this.tiddler.tittle] = this.tiddler;\n else {\n store.addTiddler(this.tiddler);\n story.refreshTiddler(this.tiddler.title);\n store.notify(this.tiddler.title, true);\n }\n if (version.major < 2)\n store.notifyAll(); \n};\n//}}}\n////===\n\n////+++!![config.lib.options]\n\n//{{{\nif (!config.lib) config.lib = {};\nif (!config.lib.options) config.lib.options = {\n author: 'BidiX',\n version: {major: 0, minor: 1, revision: 0}, \n date: new Date(2006,3,9)\n};\n\nconfig.lib.options.init = function (name, defaultValue) {\n if (!config.options[name]) {\n config.options[name] = defaultValue;\n saveOptionCookie(name);\n }\n};\n//}}}\n////===\n\n////+++!![PasswordTweak]\n\n//{{{\nversion.extensions.PasswordTweak = {\n major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 3, date: new Date(2006,8,30),\n type: 'tweak',\n source: 'http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#PasswordTweak'\n};\n//}}}\n/***\n!!config.macros.option\n***/\n//{{{\nconfig.macros.option.passwordCheckboxLabel = "Save this password on this computer";\nconfig.macros.option.passwordType = "password"; // password | text\n\nconfig.macros.option.onChangeOption = function(e)\n{\n var opt = this.getAttribute("option");\n var elementType,valueField;\n if(opt) {\n switch(opt.substr(0,3)) {\n case "txt":\n elementType = "input";\n valueField = "value";\n break;\n case "pas":\n elementType = "input";\n valueField = "value";\n break;\n case "chk":\n elementType = "input";\n valueField = "checked";\n break;\n }\n config.options[opt] = this[valueField];\n saveOptionCookie(opt);\n var nodes = document.getElementsByTagName(elementType);\n for(var t=0; t<nodes.length; t++) \n {\n var optNode = nodes[t].getAttribute("option");\n if (opt == optNode) \n nodes[t][valueField] = this[valueField];\n }\n }\n return(true);\n};\n\nconfig.macros.option.handler = function(place,macroName,params)\n{\n var opt = params[0];\n if(config.options[opt] === undefined) {\n return;}\n var c;\n switch(opt.substr(0,3)) {\n case "txt":\n c = document.createElement("input");\n c.onkeyup = this.onChangeOption;\n c.setAttribute ("option",opt);\n c.className = "txtOptionInput "+opt;\n place.appendChild(c);\n c.value = config.options[opt];\n break;\n case "pas":\n // input password\n c = document.createElement ("input");\n c.setAttribute("type",config.macros.option.passwordType);\n c.onkeyup = this.onChangeOption;\n c.setAttribute("option",opt);\n c.className = "pasOptionInput "+opt;\n place.appendChild(c);\n c.value = config.options[opt];\n // checkbox link with this password "save this password on this computer"\n c = document.createElement("input");\n c.setAttribute("type","checkbox");\n c.onclick = this.onChangeOption;\n c.setAttribute("option","chk"+opt);\n c.className = "chkOptionInput "+opt;\n place.appendChild(c);\n c.checked = config.options["chk"+opt];\n // text savePasswordCheckboxLabel\n place.appendChild(document.createTextNode(config.macros.option.passwordCheckboxLabel));\n break;\n case "chk":\n c = document.createElement("input");\n c.setAttribute("type","checkbox");\n c.onclick = this.onChangeOption;\n c.setAttribute("option",opt);\n c.className = "chkOptionInput "+opt;\n place.appendChild(c);\n c.checked = config.options[opt];\n break;\n }\n};\n//}}}\n/***\n!! Option cookie stuff\n***/\n//{{{\nwindow.loadOptionsCookie_orig_PasswordTweak = window.loadOptionsCookie;\nwindow.loadOptionsCookie = function()\n{\n var cookies = document.cookie.split(";");\n for(var c=0; c<cookies.length; c++) {\n var p = cookies[c].indexOf("=");\n if(p != -1) {\n var name = cookies[c].substr(0,p).trim();\n var value = cookies[c].substr(p+1).trim();\n switch(name.substr(0,3)) {\n case "txt":\n config.options[name] = unescape(value);\n break;\n case "pas":\n config.options[name] = unescape(value);\n break;\n case "chk":\n config.options[name] = value == "true";\n break;\n }\n }\n }\n};\n\nwindow.saveOptionCookie_orig_PasswordTweak = window.saveOptionCookie;\nwindow.saveOptionCookie = function(name)\n{\n var c = name + "=";\n switch(name.substr(0,3)) {\n case "txt":\n c += escape(config.options[name].toString());\n break;\n case "chk":\n c += config.options[name] ? "true" : "false";\n // is there an option link with this chk ?\n if (config.options[name.substr(3)]) {\n saveOptionCookie(name.substr(3));\n }\n break;\n case "pas":\n if (config.options["chk"+name]) {\n c += escape(config.options[name].toString());\n } else {\n c += "";\n }\n break;\n }\n c += "; expires=Fri, 1 Jan 2038 12:00:00 UTC; path=/";\n document.cookie = c;\n};\n//}}}\n/***\n!! Initializations\n***/\n//{{{\n// define config.options.pasPassword\nif (!config.options.pasPassword) {\n config.options.pasPassword = 'defaultPassword';\n window.saveOptionCookie('pasPassword');\n}\n// since loadCookies is first called befor password definition\n// we need to reload cookies\nwindow.loadOptionsCookie();\n//}}}\n////===\n\n////+++!![config.macros.upload]\n\n//{{{\nconfig.macros.upload = {\n accessKey: "U",\n formName: "UploadPlugin",\n contentType: "text/html;charset=UTF-8",\n defaultStoreScript: "store.php"\n};\n\n// only this two configs need to be translated\nconfig.macros.upload.messages = {\n aboutToUpload: "About to upload TiddlyWiki to %0",\n backupFileStored: "Previous file backuped in %0",\n crossDomain: "Certainly a cross-domain isue: access to an other site isn't allowed",\n errorDownloading: "Error downloading",\n errorUploadingContent: "Error uploading content",\n fileLocked: "Files is locked: You are not allowed to Upload",\n fileNotFound: "file to upload not found",\n fileNotUploaded: "File %0 NOT uploaded",\n mainFileUploaded: "Main TiddlyWiki file uploaded to %0",\n passwordEmpty: "Unable to upload, your password is empty",\n urlParamMissing: "url param missing",\n rssFileNotUploaded: "RssFile %0 NOT uploaded",\n rssFileUploaded: "Rss File uploaded to %0"\n};\n\nconfig.macros.upload.label = {\n promptOption: "Save and Upload this TiddlyWiki with UploadOptions",\n promptParamMacro: "Save and Upload this TiddlyWiki in %0",\n saveLabel: "save to web", \n saveToDisk: "save to disk",\n uploadLabel: "upload" \n};\n\nconfig.macros.upload.handler = function(place,macroName,params){\n // parameters initialization\n var storeUrl = params[0];\n var toFilename = params[1];\n var backupDir = params[2];\n var uploadDir = params[3];\n var username = params[4];\n var password; // for security reason no password as macro parameter\n var label;\n if (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "http")\n label = this.label.saveLabel;\n else\n label = this.label.uploadLabel;\n var prompt;\n if (storeUrl) {\n prompt = this.label.promptParamMacro.toString().format([this.toDirUrl(storeUrl, uploadDir, username)]);\n }\n else {\n prompt = this.label.promptOption;\n }\n createTiddlyButton(place, label, prompt, \n function () {\n config.macros.upload.upload(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir, username, password); \n return false;}, \n null, null, this.accessKey);\n};\nconfig.macros.upload.UploadLog = function() {\n return new config.lib.Log('UploadLog', " !storeUrl | !uploadDir | !toFilename | !backupdir | !origin |" );\n};\nconfig.macros.upload.UploadLog.prototype = config.lib.Log.prototype;\nconfig.macros.upload.UploadLog.prototype.startUpload = function(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir) {\n var line = " [[" + config.lib.file.basename(storeUrl) + "|" + storeUrl + "]] | ";\n line += uploadDir + " | " + toFilename + " | " + backupDir + " |";\n this.newLine(line);\n};\nconfig.macros.upload.UploadLog.prototype.endUpload = function() {\n this.addToLine(" Ok |");\n};\nconfig.macros.upload.basename = config.lib.file.basename;\nconfig.macros.upload.dirname = config.lib.file.dirname;\nconfig.macros.upload.toRootUrl = function (storeUrl, username)\n{\n return root = (this.dirname(storeUrl)?this.dirname(storeUrl):this.dirname(document.location.toString()));\n}\nconfig.macros.upload.toDirUrl = function (storeUrl, uploadDir, username)\n{\n var root = this.toRootUrl(storeUrl, username);\n if (uploadDir && uploadDir != '.')\n root = root + '/' + uploadDir;\n return root;\n}\nconfig.macros.upload.toFileUrl = function (storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, username)\n{\n return this.toDirUrl(storeUrl, uploadDir, username) + '/' + toFilename;\n}\nconfig.macros.upload.upload = function(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir, username, password)\n{\n // parameters initialization\n storeUrl = (storeUrl ? storeUrl : config.options.txtUploadStoreUrl);\n toFilename = (toFilename ? toFilename : config.options.txtUploadFilename);\n backupDir = (backupDir ? backupDir : config.options.txtUploadBackupDir);\n uploadDir = (uploadDir ? uploadDir : config.options.txtUploadDir);\n username = (username ? username : config.options.txtUploadUserName);\n password = config.options.pasUploadPassword; // for security reason no password as macro parameter\n if (!password || password === '') {\n alert(config.macros.upload.messages.passwordEmpty);\n return;\n }\n if (storeUrl === '') {\n storeUrl = config.macros.upload.defaultStoreScript;\n }\n if (config.lib.file.dirname(storeUrl) === '') {\n storeUrl = config.lib.file.dirname(document.location.toString())+'/'+storeUrl;\n }\n if (toFilename === '') {\n toFilename = config.lib.file.basename(document.location.toString());\n }\n\n clearMessage();\n // only for forcing the message to display\n if (version.major < 2)\n store.notifyAll();\n if (!storeUrl) {\n alert(config.macros.upload.messages.urlParamMissing);\n return;\n }\n // Check that file is not locked\n if (window.BidiX && BidiX.GroupAuthoring && BidiX.GroupAuthoring.lock) {\n if (BidiX.GroupAuthoring.lock.isLocked() && !BidiX.GroupAuthoring.lock.isMyLock()) {\n alert(config.macros.upload.messages.fileLocked);\n return;\n }\n }\n \n var log = new this.UploadLog();\n log.startUpload(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir);\n if (document.location.toString().substr(0,5) == "file:") {\n saveChanges();\n }\n var toDir = config.macros.upload.toDirUrl(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, username);\n displayMessage(config.macros.upload.messages.aboutToUpload.format([toDir]), toDir);\n this.uploadChanges(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir, username, password);\n if(config.options.chkGenerateAnRssFeed) {\n //var rssContent = convertUnicodeToUTF8(generateRss());\n var rssContent = generateRss();\n var rssPath = toFilename.substr(0,toFilename.lastIndexOf(".")) + ".xml";\n this.uploadContent(rssContent, storeUrl, rssPath, uploadDir, '', username, password, \n function (responseText) {\n if (responseText.substring(0,1) != '0') {\n displayMessage(config.macros.upload.messages.rssFileNotUploaded.format([rssPath]));\n }\n else {\n var toFileUrl = config.macros.upload.toFileUrl(storeUrl, rssPath, uploadDir, username);\n displayMessage(config.macros.upload.messages.rssFileUploaded.format(\n [toFileUrl]), toFileUrl);\n }\n // for debugging store.php uncomment last line\n //DEBUG alert(responseText);\n });\n }\n return;\n};\n\nconfig.macros.upload.uploadChanges = function(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir, \n username, password) {\n var original;\n if (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "http") {\n original = this.download(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir, username, password);\n return;\n }\n else {\n // standard way : Local file\n \n original = loadFile(getLocalPath(document.location.toString()));\n if(window.Components) {\n // it's a mozilla browser\n try {\n netscape.security.PrivilegeManager.enablePrivilege("UniversalXPConnect");\n var converter = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/intl/scriptableunicodeconverter"]\n .createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIScriptableUnicodeConverter);\n converter.charset = "UTF-8";\n original = converter.ConvertToUnicode(original);\n }\n catch(e) {\n }\n }\n }\n //DEBUG alert(original);\n this.uploadChangesFrom(original, storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir, \n username, password);\n};\n\nconfig.macros.upload.uploadChangesFrom = function(original, storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir, \n username, password) {\n var startSaveArea = '<div id="' + 'storeArea">'; // Split up into two so that indexOf() of this source doesn't find it\n var endSaveArea = '</d' + 'iv>';\n // Locate the storeArea div's\n var posOpeningDiv = original.indexOf(startSaveArea);\n var posClosingDiv = original.lastIndexOf(endSaveArea);\n if((posOpeningDiv == -1) || (posClosingDiv == -1))\n {\n alert(config.messages.invalidFileError.format([document.location.toString()]));\n return;\n }\n var revised = original.substr(0,posOpeningDiv + startSaveArea.length) + \n allTiddlersAsHtml() + "\sn\st\st" +\n original.substr(posClosingDiv);\n var newSiteTitle;\n if(version.major < 2){\n newSiteTitle = (getElementText("siteTitle") + " - " + getElementText("siteSubtitle")).htmlEncode();\n } else {\n newSiteTitle = (wikifyPlain ("SiteTitle") + " - " + wikifyPlain ("SiteSubtitle")).htmlEncode();\n }\n\n revised = revised.replaceChunk("<title"+">","</title"+">"," " + newSiteTitle + " ");\n revised = revised.replaceChunk("<!--PRE-HEAD-START--"+">","<!--PRE-HEAD-END--"+">","\sn" + store.getTiddlerText("MarkupPreHead","") + "\sn");\n revised = revised.replaceChunk("<!--POST-HEAD-START--"+">","<!--POST-HEAD-END--"+">","\sn" + store.getTiddlerText("MarkupPostHead","") + "\sn");\n revised = revised.replaceChunk("<!--PRE-BODY-START--"+">","<!--PRE-BODY-END--"+">","\sn" + store.getTiddlerText("MarkupPreBody","") + "\sn");\n revised = revised.replaceChunk("<!--POST-BODY-START--"+">","<!--POST-BODY-END--"+">","\sn" + store.getTiddlerText("MarkupPostBody","") + "\sn");\n\n var response = this.uploadContent(revised, storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir, \n username, password, function (responseText) {\n if (responseText.substring(0,1) != '0') {\n alert(responseText);\n displayMessage(config.macros.upload.messages.fileNotUploaded.format([getLocalPath(document.location.toString())]));\n }\n else {\n if (uploadDir !== '') {\n toFilename = uploadDir + "/" + config.macros.upload.basename(toFilename);\n } else {\n toFilename = config.macros.upload.basename(toFilename);\n }\n var toFileUrl = config.macros.upload.toFileUrl(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, username);\n if (responseText.indexOf("destfile:") > 0) {\n var destfile = responseText.substring(responseText.indexOf("destfile:")+9, \n responseText.indexOf("\sn", responseText.indexOf("destfile:")));\n toFileUrl = config.macros.upload.toRootUrl(storeUrl, username) + '/' + destfile;\n }\n else {\n toFileUrl = config.macros.upload.toFileUrl(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, username);\n }\n displayMessage(config.macros.upload.messages.mainFileUploaded.format(\n [toFileUrl]), toFileUrl);\n if (backupDir && responseText.indexOf("backupfile:") > 0) {\n var backupFile = responseText.substring(responseText.indexOf("backupfile:")+11, \n responseText.indexOf("\sn", responseText.indexOf("backupfile:")));\n toBackupUrl = config.macros.upload.toRootUrl(storeUrl, username) + '/' + backupFile;\n displayMessage(config.macros.upload.messages.backupFileStored.format(\n [toBackupUrl]), toBackupUrl);\n }\n var log = new config.macros.upload.UploadLog();\n log.endUpload();\n store.setDirty(false);\n // erase local lock\n if (window.BidiX && BidiX.GroupAuthoring && BidiX.GroupAuthoring.lock) {\n BidiX.GroupAuthoring.lock.eraseLock();\n // change mtime with new mtime after upload\n var mtime = responseText.substr(responseText.indexOf("mtime:")+6);\n BidiX.GroupAuthoring.lock.mtime = mtime;\n }\n \n \n }\n // for debugging store.php uncomment last line\n //DEBUG alert(responseText);\n }\n );\n};\n\nconfig.macros.upload.uploadContent = function(content, storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir, \n username, password, callbackFn) {\n var boundary = "---------------------------"+"AaB03x"; \n var request;\n try {\n request = new XMLHttpRequest();\n } \n catch (e) { \n request = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); \n }\n if (window.netscape){\n try {\n if (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) != "http") {\n netscape.security.PrivilegeManager.enablePrivilege('UniversalBrowserRead');}\n }\n catch (e) {}\n } \n //DEBUG alert("user["+config.options.txtUploadUserName+"] password[" + config.options.pasUploadPassword + "]");\n // compose headers data\n var sheader = "";\n sheader += "--" + boundary + "\sr\snContent-disposition: form-data; name=\s"";\n sheader += config.macros.upload.formName +"\s"\sr\sn\sr\sn";\n sheader += "backupDir="+backupDir\n +";user=" + username \n +";password=" + password\n +";uploaddir=" + uploadDir;\n // add lock attributes to sheader\n if (window.BidiX && BidiX.GroupAuthoring && BidiX.GroupAuthoring.lock) {\n var l = BidiX.GroupAuthoring.lock.myLock;\n sheader += ";lockuser=" + l.user\n + ";mtime=" + l.mtime\n + ";locktime=" + l.locktime;\n }\n sheader += ";;\sr\sn"; \n sheader += "\sr\sn" + "--" + boundary + "\sr\sn";\n sheader += "Content-disposition: form-data; name=\s"userfile\s"; filename=\s""+toFilename+"\s"\sr\sn";\n sheader += "Content-Type: " + config.macros.upload.contentType + "\sr\sn";\n sheader += "Content-Length: " + content.length + "\sr\sn\sr\sn";\n // compose trailer data\n var strailer = new String();\n strailer = "\sr\sn--" + boundary + "--\sr\sn";\n //strailer = "--" + boundary + "--\sr\sn";\n var data;\n data = sheader + content + strailer;\n //request.open("POST", storeUrl, true, username, password);\n try {\n request.open("POST", storeUrl, true); \n }\n catch(e) {\n alert(config.macros.upload.messages.crossDomain + "\snError:" +e);\n exit;\n }\n request.onreadystatechange = function () {\n if (request.readyState == 4) {\n if (request.status == 200)\n callbackFn(request.responseText);\n else\n alert(config.macros.upload.messages.errorUploadingContent + "\snStatus: "+request.status.statusText);\n }\n };\n request.setRequestHeader("Content-Length",data.length);\n request.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","multipart/form-data; boundary="+boundary);\n request.send(data); \n};\n\n\nconfig.macros.upload.download = function(uploadUrl, uploadToFilename, uploadDir, uploadBackupDir, \n username, password) {\n var request;\n try {\n request = new XMLHttpRequest();\n } \n catch (e) { \n request = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); \n }\n try {\n if (uploadUrl.substr(0,4) == "http") {\n netscape.security.PrivilegeManager.enablePrivilege("UniversalBrowserRead");\n }\n else {\n netscape.security.PrivilegeManager.enablePrivilege("UniversalXPConnect");\n }\n } catch (e) { }\n //request.open("GET", document.location.toString(), true, username, password);\n try {\n request.open("GET", document.location.toString(), true);\n }\n catch(e) {\n alert(config.macros.upload.messages.crossDomain + "\snError:" +e);\n exit;\n }\n \n request.onreadystatechange = function () {\n if (request.readyState == 4) {\n if(request.status == 200) {\n config.macros.upload.uploadChangesFrom(request.responseText, uploadUrl, \n uploadToFilename, uploadDir, uploadBackupDir, username, password);\n }\n else\n alert(config.macros.upload.messages.errorDownloading.format(\n [document.location.toString()]) + "\snStatus: "+request.status.statusText);\n }\n };\n request.send(null);\n};\n\n//}}}\n////===\n\n////+++!![Initializations]\n\n//{{{\nconfig.lib.options.init('txtUploadStoreUrl','store.php');\nconfig.lib.options.init('txtUploadFilename','');\nconfig.lib.options.init('txtUploadDir','');\nconfig.lib.options.init('txtUploadBackupDir','');\nconfig.lib.options.init('txtUploadUserName',config.options.txtUserName);\nconfig.lib.options.init('pasUploadPassword','');\nsetStylesheet(\n ".pasOptionInput {width: 11em;}\sn"+\n ".txtOptionInput.txtUploadStoreUrl {width: 25em;}\sn"+\n ".txtOptionInput.txtUploadFilename {width: 25em;}\sn"+\n ".txtOptionInput.txtUploadDir {width: 25em;}\sn"+\n ".txtOptionInput.txtUploadBackupDir {width: 25em;}\sn"+\n "",\n "UploadOptionsStyles");\nif (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "http") {\n config.options.chkAutoSave = false; \n saveOptionCookie('chkAutoSave');\n}\nconfig.shadowTiddlers.UploadDoc = "[[Full Documentation|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/l#UploadDoc ]]\sn"; \n\n//}}}\n////===\n\n////+++!![Core Hijacking]\n\n//{{{\nconfig.macros.saveChanges.label_orig_UploadPlugin = config.macros.saveChanges.label;\nconfig.macros.saveChanges.label = config.macros.upload.label.saveToDisk;\n\nconfig.macros.saveChanges.handler_orig_UploadPlugin = config.macros.saveChanges.handler;\n\nconfig.macros.saveChanges.handler = function(place)\n{\n if ((!readOnly) && (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) != "http"))\n createTiddlyButton(place,this.label,this.prompt,this.onClick,null,null,this.accessKey);\n};\n\n//}}}\n////===\n
//{{{\n// null logger : no more UploadLog and no upload logging\n// BidiX - 2006/11/8\nconfig.macros.upload.UploadLog = function() {return this;};\nconfig.macros.upload.UploadLog.prototype.startUpload = function(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir) {};\nconfig.macros.upload.UploadLog.prototype.endUpload = function() {};\n//}}}
<html><font size="2">La magnitud de un vector arbitrario <span class="AM">` veca`</span> se puede obtener del producto del vector escalar del vector <span class="AM">`veca`</span> consigo mismo:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`a^2=veca*veca`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Donde <span class="AM">` *`</span> indica producto punto. Si diferenciamos ambos miembros de la ecuación obtenemos:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`2a" "da=veca * dveca+da * veca=2veca * dveca`</span><br /></font> </div><font size="2">Por lo que:<br /></font><div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span class="AM">`veca * dveca=a" "da`</span></font> <br /></div><br /></html>
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_136=findWindowWidth();if(_136<_123.offsetWidth){_123.style.width=(_136-100)+"px";_136=findWindowWidth();}var _137=_123.offsetWidth;if(_134+_137>_136){_134=_136-_137-30;}if(_134<0){_134=0;}_123.style.left=_134+"px";_123.style.top=_135+"px";_123.style.display="block";};var _138=function(){if(_123){window.scrollTo(0,ensureVisible(_123));}if(_124){window.scrollTo(0,ensureVisible(_124));}};var _139=function(){_12f();_138();};var _13a;var _13b;var _13c=new abego.PageWiseRenderer();var _13d=function(_13e){this.itemHtml=store.getTiddlerText("YourSearchItemTemplate");if(!this.itemHtml){alertAndThrow("YourSearchItemTemplate not found");}this.place=document.getElementById(_121);if(!this.place){this.place=createTiddlyElement(_13e,"div",_121);}};merge(_13d.prototype,{render:function(_13f,_140,_141,_142){_13a=_142;_13b=_140;var item=createTiddlyElement(this.place,"div",null,"yourSearchItem");item.innerHTML=this.itemHtml;applyHtmlMacros(item,null);refreshElements(item,null);},endRendering:function(_144){_13b=null;}});var _145=function(){if(!_123||!_124){return;}var html=store.getTiddlerText("YourSearchResultTemplate");if(!html){html="<b>Tiddler YourSearchResultTemplate not found</b>";}_123.innerHTML=html;applyHtmlMacros(_123,null);refreshElements(_123,null);var _147=new _13d(_123);_13c.renderPage(_147);_139();};_13c.getItemsPerPage=function(){var n=(config.options.chkPreviewText)?abego.toInt(config.options.txtItemsPerPageWithPreview,_11f):abego.toInt(config.options.txtItemsPerPage,_11e);return (n>0)?n:1;};_13c.onPageChanged=function(){_145();};var _149=function(){if(!_123){_123=createTiddlyElement(document.body,"div",_120,"yourSearchResult");}else{if(_123.parentNode!=document.body){document.body.appendChild(_123);}}_145();};var _14a=function(){if(_124==null||!config.options.chkUseYourSearch){return;}if((_124.value==_122)&&_122&&!_128()){if(_123&&(_123.parentNode!=document.body)){document.body.appendChild(_123);_139();}else{_149();}}};var _14b=function(){_129();_123=null;_122=null;};var _14c=function(self,e){while(e!=null){if(self==e){return true;}e=e.parentNode;}return false;};var _14f=function(e){if(e.target==_124){return;}if(e.target==_125){return;}if(_123&&_14c(_123,e.target)){return;}_129();};var _151=function(e){if(e.keyCode==27){_129();}};addEvent(document,"click",_14f);addEvent(document,"keyup",_151);var _153=function(text,_155,_156){_122=text;_f3(_108(store,text,_155,_156,"title","excludeSearch"));highlightHack=_f2?_f2.getMarkRegExp():null;_13c.setItems(_f5());_149();highlightHack=null;};var _157=function(_158,_159,_15a,_15b,_15c,_15d){_127();_122="";var _15e=null;var _15f=function(txt){if(config.options.chkUseYourSearch){_153(txt.value,config.options.chkCaseSensitiveSearch,config.options.chkRegExpSearch);}else{story.search(txt.value,config.options.chkCaseSensitiveSearch,config.options.chkRegExpSearch);}_122=txt.value;};var _161=function(e){_15f(_124);return false;};var _163=function(e){if(!e){var e=window.event;}_124=this;switch(e.keyCode){case 13:if(e.ctrlKey&&_126&&_128()){_126.onclick.apply(_126,[e]);}else{_15f(this);}break;case 27:if(_128()){_129();}else{this.value="";clearMessage();}break;}if(String.fromCharCode(e.keyCode)==this.accessKey||e.altKey){_14a();}if(this.value.length<3&&_15e){clearTimeout(_15e);}if(this.value.length>2){if(this.value!=_122){if(!config.options.chkUseYourSearch||config.options.chkSearchAsYouType){if(_15e){clearTimeout(_15e);}var txt=this;_15e=setTimeout(function(){_15f(txt);},500);}}else{if(_15e){clearTimeout(_15e);}}}if(this.value.length==0){_129();}};var _166=function(e){this.select();clearMessage();_14a();};var args=_15c.parseParams("list",null,true);var _169=getFlag(args,"buttonAtRight");var _16a=getParam(args,"sizeTextbox",this.sizeTextbox);var btn;if(!_169){btn=createTiddlyButton(_158,this.label,this.prompt,_161);}var txt=createTiddlyElement(_158,"input",null,null,null);if(_15a[0]){txt.value=_15a[0];}txt.onkeyup=_163;txt.onfocus=_166;txt.setAttribute("size",_16a);txt.setAttribute("accessKey",this.accessKey);txt.setAttribute("autocomplete","off");if(config.browser.isSafari){txt.setAttribute("type","search");txt.setAttribute("results","5");}else{txt.setAttribute("type","text");}if(_169){btn=createTiddlyButton(_158,this.label,this.prompt,_161);}_124=txt;_125=btn;};var _16d=function(){_129();var _16e=_f5();var n=_16e.length;if(n){var _170=[];for(var i=0;i<n;i++){_170.push(_16e[i].title);}story.displayTiddlers(null,_170);}};var _172=function(_173,_174,_175,_176){invokeMacro(_173,"option",_174,_175,_176);var elem=_173.lastChild;var _178=elem.onclick;elem.onclick=function(e){var _17a=_178.apply(this,arguments);_145();return _17a;};return elem;};var _17b=function(s){var _17d=["''","{{{","}}}","//","<<<","/***","***/"];var _17e="";for(var i=0;i<_17d.length;i++){if(i!=0){_17e+="|";}_17e+="("+_17d[i].escapeRegExp()+")";}return s.replace(new RegExp(_17e,"mg"),"").trim();};var _180=function(){var i=_13a;return (i>=0&&i<=9)?(i<9?(i+1):0):-1;};var _182=new abego.LimitedTextRenderer();var _183=function(_184,s,_186){_182.render(_184,s,_186,_f2.getMarkRegExp());};var _187=TiddlyWiki.prototype.saveTiddler;TiddlyWiki.prototype.saveTiddler=function(_188,_189,_18a,_18b,_18c,tags,_18e){_187.apply(this,arguments);_14b();};var _18f=TiddlyWiki.prototype.removeTiddler;TiddlyWiki.prototype.removeTiddler=function(_190){_18f.apply(this,arguments);_14b();};config.macros.yourSearch={label:"yourSearch",prompt:"Gives access to the current/last YourSearch result",handler:function(_191,_192,_193,_194,_195,_196){if(_193.length==0){return;}var name=_193[0];var func=config.macros.yourSearch.funcs[name];if(func){func(_191,_192,_193,_194,_195,_196);}},tests:{"true":function(){return true;},"false":function(){return false;},"found":function(){return _f6()>0;},"previewText":function(){return config.options.chkPreviewText;}},funcs:{itemRange:function(_199){if(_f6()){var _19a=_13c.getLastIndexOnPage();var s="%0 - %1".format([_13c.getFirstIndexOnPage()+1,_19a+1]);createTiddlyText(_199,s);}},count:function(_19c){createTiddlyText(_19c,_f6().toString());},query:function(_19d){if(_f2){createTiddlyText(_19d,_f2.toString());}},version:function(_19e){var t="YourSearch %0.%1.%2".format([version.extensions.YourSearchPlugin.major,version.extensions.YourSearchPlugin.minor,version.extensions.YourSearchPlugin.revision]);var e=createTiddlyElement(_19e,"a");e.setAttribute("href","http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de/#YourSearchPlugin");e.innerHTML="<font color=\s"black\s" face=\s"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\s">"+t+"<font>";},copyright:function(_1a1){var e=createTiddlyElement(_1a1,"a");e.setAttribute("href","http://www.abego-software.de");e.innerHTML="<font color=\s"black\s" face=\s"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\s">© 2005-2006 <b><font color=\s"red\s">abego</font></b> Software<font>";},newTiddlerButton:function(_1a3){if(_f2){var r=abego.parseNewTiddlerCommandLine(_f2.getQueryText());var btn=config.macros.newTiddler.createNewTiddlerButton(_1a3,r.title,r.params,"new tiddler","Create a new tiddler based on search text. (Shortcut: Ctrl-Enter; Separators: '.', '#')",null,"text");var _1a6=btn.onclick;btn.onclick=function(){_129();_1a6.apply(this,arguments);};_126=btn;}},linkButton:function(_1a7,_1a8,_1a9,_1aa,_1ab,_1ac){if(_1a9<2){return;}var _1ad=_1a9[1];var text=_1a9<3?_1ad:_1a9[2];var _1af=_1a9<4?text:_1a9[3];var _1b0=_1a9<5?null:_1a9[4];var btn=createTiddlyButton(_1a7,text,_1af,_12a,null,null,_1b0);btn.setAttribute("tiddlyLink",_1ad);},closeButton:function(_1b2,_1b3,_1b4,_1b5,_1b6,_1b7){var _1b8=createTiddlyButton(_1b2,"close","Close the Search Results (Shortcut: ESC)",_129);},openAllButton:function(_1b9,_1ba,_1bb,_1bc,_1bd,_1be){var n=_f6();if(n==0){return;}var _1c0=n==1?"open tiddler":"open all %0 tiddlers".format([n]);var _1c1=createTiddlyButton(_1b9,_1c0,"Open all found tiddlers (Shortcut: Alt-O)",_16d);_1c1.setAttribute("accessKey","O");},naviBar:function(_1c2,_1c3,_1c4,_1c5,_1c6,_1c7){_13c.addPageNavigation(_1c2);},"if":function(_1c8,_1c9,_1ca,_1cb,_1cc,_1cd){if(_1ca.length<2){return;}var _1ce=_1ca[1];var _1cf=(_1ce=="not");if(_1cf){if(_1ca.length<3){return;}_1ce=_1ca[2];}var test=config.macros.yourSearch.tests[_1ce];var _1d1=false;try{if(test){_1d1=test(_1c8,_1c9,_1ca,_1cb,_1cc,_1cd)!=_1cf;}else{_1d1=(!eval(_1ce))==_1cf;}}catch(ex){}if(!_1d1){_1c8.style.display="none";}},chkPreviewText:function(_1d2,_1d3,_1d4,_1d5,_1d6,_1d7){var _1d8=_1d4.slice(1).join(" ");var elem=_172(_1d2,"chkPreviewText",_1d5,_1d7);elem.setAttribute("accessKey","P");elem.title="Show text preview of found tiddlers (Shortcut: Alt-P)";return elem;}}};config.macros.foundTiddler={label:"foundTiddler",prompt:"Provides information on the tiddler currently processed on the YourSearch result page",handler:function(_1da,_1db,_1dc,_1dd,_1de,_1df){var name=_1dc[0];var func=config.macros.foundTiddler.funcs[name];if(func){func(_1da,_1db,_1dc,_1dd,_1de,_1df);}},funcs:{title:function(_1e2,_1e3,_1e4,_1e5,_1e6,_1e7){if(!_13b){return;}var _1e8=_180();var _1e9=_1e8>=0?"Open tiddler (Shortcut: Alt-%0)".format([_1e8.toString()]):"Open tiddler";var btn=createTiddlyButton(_1e2,null,_1e9,_12a,null);btn.setAttribute("tiddlyLink",_13b.title);btn.setAttribute("withHilite","true");_183(btn,_13b.title,_11a);if(_1e8>=0){btn.setAttribute("accessKey",_1e8.toString());}},tags:function(_1eb,_1ec,_1ed,_1ee,_1ef,_1f0){if(!_13b){return;}_183(_1eb,_13b.getTags(),_11b);},text:function(_1f1,_1f2,_1f3,_1f4,_1f5,_1f6){if(!_13b){return;}_183(_1f1,_17b(_13b.text),_11c);},field:function(_1f7,_1f8,_1f9,_1fa,_1fb,_1fc){if(!_13b){return;}var name=_1f9[1];var len=_1f9.length>2?abego.toInt(_1f9[2],_11d):_11d;var v=store.getValue(_13b,name);if(v){_183(_1f7,_17b(v),len);}},number:function(_200,_201,_202,_203,_204,_205){var _206=_180();if(_206>=0){var text="%0)".format([_206.toString()]);createTiddlyElement(_200,"span",null,"shortcutNumber",text);}}}};var opts={chkUseYourSearch:true,chkPreviewText:true,chkSearchAsYouType:true,chkSearchInTitle:true,chkSearchInText:true,chkSearchInTags:true,chkSearchExtendedFields:true,txtItemsPerPage:_11e,txtItemsPerPageWithPreview:_11f};for(var n in opts){if(config.options[n]==undefined){config.options[n]=opts[n];}}config.shadowTiddlers.AdvancedOptions+="\sn<<option chkUseYourSearch>> Use 'Your Search' //([[more options|YourSearch Options]]) ([[help|YourSearch Help]])// ";config.shadowTiddlers["YourSearch Help"]="!Field Search\snWith the Field Search you can restrict your search to certain fields of a tiddler, e.g"+" only search the tags or only the titles. The general form is //fieldname//'':''//textToSearch// (e."+"g. {{{title:intro}}}). In addition one-character shortcuts are also supported for the standard field"+"s {{{title}}}, {{{text}}} and {{{tags}}}:\sn|!What you want|!What you type|!Example|\sn|Search ''titles "+"only''|start word with ''!''|{{{!jonny}}} (shortcut for {{{title:jonny}}})|\sn|Search ''contents/text "+"only''|start word with ''%''|{{{%football}}} (shortcut for {{{text:football}}})|\sn|Search ''tags only"+"''|start word with ''#''|{{{#Plugin}}} (shortcut for {{{tags:Plugin}}})|\sn\snUsing this feature you may"+" also search the extended fields (\s"Metadata\s") introduced with TiddlyWiki 2.1, e.g. use {{{priority:1"+"}}} to find all tiddlers with the priority field set to \s"1\s".\sn\snYou may search a word in more than one"+" field. E.g. {{{!#Plugin}}} (or {{{title:tags:Plugin}}} in the \s"long form\s") finds tiddlers containin"+"g \s"Plugin\s" either in the title or in the tags (but does not look for \s"Plugin\s" in the text). \sn\sn!Boole"+"an Search\snThe Boolean Search is useful when searching for multiple words.\sn|!What you want|!What you "+"type|!Example|\sn|''All words'' must exist|List of words|{{{jonny jeremy}}} (or {{{jonny and jeremy}}}"+")|\sn|''At least one word'' must exist|Separate words by ''or''|{{{jonny or jeremy}}}|\sn|A word ''must "+"not exist''|Start word with ''-''|{{{-jonny}}} (or {{{not jonny}}})|\sn\sn''Note:'' When you specify two"+" words, separated with a space, YourSearch finds all tiddlers that contain both words, but not neces"+"sarily next to each other. If you want to find a sequence of word, e.g. '{{{John Brown}}}', you need"+" to put the words into quotes. I.e. you type: {{{\s"john brown\s"}}}.\sn\snUsing parenthesis you may change "+"the default \s"left to right\s" evaluation of the boolean search. E.g. {{{not (jonny or jeremy)}}} finds"+" all tiddlers that contain neither \s"jonny\s" nor \s"jeremy. In contrast to this {{{not jonny or jeremy}}"+"} (i.e. without parenthesis) finds all tiddlers that either don't contain \s"jonny\s" or that contain \s"j"+"eremy\s".\sn\sn!'Exact Word' Search\snBy default a search result all matches that 'contain' the searched tex"+"t. E.g. if you search for {{{Task}}} you will get all tiddlers containing 'Task', but also '~Complet"+"edTask', '~TaskForce' etc.\sn\snIf you only want to get the tiddlers that contain 'exactly the word' you"+" need to prefix it with a '='. E.g. typing '=Task' will find the tiddlers that contain the word 'Tas"+"k', ignoring words that just contain 'Task' as a substring.\sn\sn!~CaseSensitiveSearch and ~RegExpSearch"+"\snThe standard search options ~CaseSensitiveSearch and ~RegExpSearch are fully supported by YourSearc"+"h. However when ''~RegExpSearch'' is on Filtered and Boolean Search are disabled.\sn\snIn addition you m"+"ay do a \s"regular expression\s" search even with the ''~RegExpSearch'' set to false by directly enterin"+"g the regular expression into the search field, framed with {{{/.../}}}. \sn\snExample: {{{/m[ae][iy]er/"+"}}} will find all tiddlers that contain either \s"maier\s", \s"mayer\s", \s"meier\s" or \s"meyer\s".\sn\sn!~JavaScript E"+"xpression Filtering\snIf you are familiar with JavaScript programming and know some TiddlyWiki interna"+"ls you may also use JavaScript expression for the search. Just enter a JavaScript boolean expression"+" into the search field, framed with {{{ { ... } }}}. In the code refer to the variable tiddler and e"+"valuate to {{{true}}} when the given tiddler should be included in the result. \sn\snExample: {{{ { tidd"+"ler.modified > new Date(\s"Jul 4, 2005\s")} }}} returns all tiddler modified after July 4th, 2005.\sn\sn!Com"+"bined Search\snYou are free to combine the various search options. \sn\sn''Examples''\sn|!What you type|!Res"+"ult|\sn|{{{!jonny !jeremy -%football}}}|all tiddlers with both {{{jonny}}} and {{{jeremy}}} in its tit"+"les, but no {{{football}}} in content.|\sn|{{{#=Task}}}|All tiddlers tagged with 'Task' (the exact wor"+"d). Tags named '~CompletedTask', '~TaskForce' etc. are not considered.|\sn\sn!Access Keys\snYou are encour"+"aged to use the access keys (also called \s"shortcut\s" keys) for the most frequently used operations. F"+"or quick reference these shortcuts are also mentioned in the tooltip for the various buttons etc.\sn\sn|"+"!Key|!Operation|\sn|{{{Alt-F}}}|''The most important keystroke'': It moves the cursor to the search in"+"put field so you can directly start typing your query. Pressing {{{Alt-F}}} will also display the pr"+"evious search result. This way you can quickly display multiple tiddlers using \s"Press {{{Alt-F}}}. S"+"elect tiddler.\s" sequences.|\sn|{{{ESC}}}|Closes the [[YourSearch Result]]. When the [[YourSearch Resul"+"t]] is already closed and the cursor is in the search input field the field's content is cleared so "+"you start a new query.|\sn|{{{Alt-1}}}, {{{Alt-2}}},... |Pressing these keys opens the first, second e"+"tc. tiddler from the result list.|\sn|{{{Alt-O}}}|Opens all found tiddlers.|\sn|{{{Alt-P}}}|Toggles the "+"'Preview Text' mode.|\sn|{{{Alt-'<'}}}, {{{Alt-'>'}}}|Displays the previous or next page in the [[Your"+"Search Result]].|\sn|{{{Return}}}|When you have turned off the 'as you type' search mode pressing the "+"{{{Return}}} key actually starts the search (as does pressing the 'search' button).|\sn\sn//If some of t"+"hese shortcuts don't work for you check your browser if you have other extensions installed that alr"+"eady \s"use\s" these shortcuts.//";config.shadowTiddlers["YourSearch Options"]="|>|!YourSearch Options|\sn|>|<<option chkUseYourSearch>> Use 'Your Search'|\sn|!|<<option chkPreviewText"+">> Show Text Preview|\sn|!|<<option chkSearchAsYouType>> 'Search As You Type' Mode (No RETURN required"+" to start search)|\sn|!|Default Search Filter:<<option chkSearchInTitle>>Title ('!') <<option chk"+"SearchInText>>Text ('%') <<option chkSearchInTags>>Tags ('#') <<option chkSearchExtendedFiel"+"ds>>Extended Fields<html><br><font size=\s"-2\s">The fields of a tiddlers that are searched when you don"+"'t explicitly specify a filter in the search text <br>(Explictly specify fields using one or more '!"+"', '%', '#' or 'fieldname:' prefix before the word/text to find).</font></html>|\sn|!|Number of items "+"on search result page: <<option txtItemsPerPage>>|\sn|!|Number of items on search result page with pre"+"view text: <<option txtItemsPerPageWithPreview>>|\sn";config.shadowTiddlers["YourSearchStyleSheet"]="/***\sn!~YourSearchResult Stylesheet\sn***/\sn/*{{{*/\sn.yourSearchResult {\sn\stposition: absolute;\sn\stwidth: 800"+"px;\sn\sn\stpadding: 0.2em;\sn\stlist-style: none;\sn\stmargin: 0;\sn\sn\stbackground: #ffd;\sn\stborder: 1px solid DarkGra"+"y;\sn}\sn\sn/*}}}*/\sn/***\sn!!Summary Section\sn***/\sn/*{{{*/\sn.yourSearchResult .summary {\sn\stborder-bottom-width:"+" thin;\sn\stborder-bottom-style: solid;\sn\stborder-bottom-color: #999999;\sn\stpadding-bottom: 4px;\sn}\sn\sn.yourSea"+"rchRange, .yourSearchCount, .yourSearchQuery {\sn\stfont-weight: bold;\sn}\sn\sn.yourSearchResult .summary ."+"button {\sn\stfont-size: 10px;\sn\sn\stpadding-left: 0.3em;\sn\stpadding-right: 0.3em;\sn}\sn\sn.yourSearchResult .summa"+"ry .chkBoxLabel {\sn\stfont-size: 10px;\sn\sn\stpadding-right: 0.3em;\sn}\sn\sn/*}}}*/\sn/***\sn!!Items Area\sn***/\sn/*{{{*"+"/\sn.yourSearchResult .marked {\sn\stbackground: none;\sn\stfont-weight: bold;\sn}\sn\sn.yourSearchItem {\sn\stmargin-to"+"p: 2px;\sn}\sn\sn.yourSearchNumber {\sn\stcolor: #808080;\sn}\sn\sn\sn.yourSearchTags {\sn\stcolor: #008000;\sn}\sn\sn.yourSearc"+"hText {\sn\stcolor: #808080;\sn\stmargin-bottom: 6px;\sn}\sn\sn/*}}}*/\sn/***\sn!!Footer\sn***/\sn/*{{{*/\sn.yourSearchFoote"+"r {\sn\stmargin-top: 8px;\sn\stborder-top-width: thin;\sn\stborder-top-style: solid;\sn\stborder-top-color: #999999;"+"\sn}\sn\sn.yourSearchFooter a:hover{\sn\stbackground: none;\sn\stcolor: none;\sn}\sn/*}}}*/\sn/***\sn!!Navigation Bar\sn***/"+"\sn/*{{{*/\sn.yourSearchNaviBar a {\sn\stfont-size: 16px;\sn\stmargin-left: 4px;\sn\stmargin-right: 4px;\sn\stcolor: bla"+"ck;\sn\sttext-decoration: underline;\sn}\sn\sn.yourSearchNaviBar a:hover {\sn\stbackground-color: none;\sn}\sn\sn.yourSe"+"archNaviBar .prev {\sn\stfont-weight: bold;\sn\stcolor: blue;\sn}\sn\sn.yourSearchNaviBar .currentPage {\sn\stcolor: #"+"FF0000;\sn\stfont-weight: bold;\sn\sttext-decoration: none;\sn}\sn\sn.yourSearchNaviBar .next {\sn\stfont-weight: bold"+";\sn\stcolor: blue;\sn}\sn/*}}}*/\sn";config.shadowTiddlers["YourSearchResultTemplate"]="<!--\sn{{{\sn-->\sn<span macro=\s"yourSearch if found\s">\sn<!-- The Summary Header ============================"+"================ -->\sn<table class=\s"summary\s" border=\s"0\s" width=\s"100%\s" cellspacing=\s"0\s" cellpadding=\s"0\s">"+"<tbody>\sn <tr>\sn\st<td align=\s"left\s">\sn\st\stYourSearch Result <span class=\s"yourSearchRange\s" macro=\s"yourSearc"+"h itemRange\s"></span>\sn\st\st of <span class=\s"yourSearchCount\s" macro=\s"yourSearch count\s"></span>\sn"+"\st\stfor <span class=\s"yourSearchQuery\s" macro=\s"yourSearch query\s"></span>\sn\st</td>\sn\st<td class=\s"yourSea"+"rchButtons\s" align=\s"right\s">\sn\st\st<span macro=\s"yourSearch chkPreviewText\s"></span><span class=\s"chkBoxLabel"+"\s">preview text</span>\sn\st\st<span macro=\s"yourSearch newTiddlerButton\s"></span>\sn\st\st<span macro=\s"yourSearch openAllButton\s"></span>\sn\st\st<span macro=\s"yourSearch lin"+"kButton 'YourSearch Options' options 'Configure YourSearch'\s"></span>\sn\st\st<span macro=\s"yourSearch linkB"+"utton 'YourSearch Help' help 'Get help how to use YourSearch'\s"></span>\sn\st\st<span macro=\s"yourSearch clo"+"seButton\s"></span>\sn\st</td>\sn </tr>\sn</tbody></table>\sn\sn<!-- The List of Found Tiddlers ================="+"=========================== -->\sn<div id=\s"yourSearchResultItems\s" itemsPerPage=\s"25\s" itemsPerPageWithPr"+"eview=\s"10\s"></div>\sn\sn<!-- The Footer (with the Navigation) ==========================================="+"= -->\sn<table class=\s"yourSearchFooter\s" border=\s"0\s" width=\s"100%\s" cellspacing=\s"0\s" cellpadding=\s"0\s"><tbody"+">\sn <tr>\sn\st<td align=\s"left\s">\sn\st\stResult page: <span class=\s"yourSearchNaviBar\s" macro=\s"yourSearch naviBar"+"\s"></span>\sn\st</td>\sn\st<td align=\s"right\s"><span macro=\s"yourSearch version\s"></span>, <span macro=\s"yourSearc"+"h copyright\s"></span>\sn\st</td>\sn </tr>\sn</tbody></table>\sn<!-- end of the 'tiddlers found' case ========="+"================================== -->\sn</span>\sn\sn\sn<!-- The \s"No tiddlers found\s" case ================="+"========================== -->\sn<span macro=\s"yourSearch if not found\s">\sn<table class=\s"summary\s" border="+"\s"0\s" width=\s"100%\s" cellspacing=\s"0\s" cellpadding=\s"0\s"><tbody>\sn <tr>\sn\st<td align=\s"left\s">\sn\st\stYourSearch Resu"+"lt: No tiddlers found for <span class=\s"yourSearchQuery\s" macro=\s"yourSearch query\s"></span>.\sn\st</td>\sn\st<t"+"d class=\s"yourSearchButtons\s" align=\s"right\s">\sn\st\st<span macro=\s"yourSearch newTiddlerButton\s"></span>\sn\st\st<span macro=\s"yourSearch linkButton 'YourSearch Options'"+" options 'Configure YourSearch'\s"></span>\sn\st\st<span macro=\s"yourSearch linkButton 'YourSearch Help' help"+" 'Get help how to use YourSearch'\s"></span>\sn\st\st<span macro=\s"yourSearch closeButton\s"></span>\sn\st</td>\sn <"+"/tr>\sn</tbody></table>\sn</span>\sn\sn\sn<!--\sn}}}\sn-->\sn";config.shadowTiddlers["YourSearchItemTemplate"]="<!--\sn{{{\sn-->\sn<span class='yourSearchNumber' macro='foundTiddler 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<html>Apuntes y ejercicios que tienen que ver con carga eléctrica.<br /><br />Para la definición de carga vea: [[Carga eléctrica]]<br /></html>
[[TiddlyWiki|http://www.tiddlywiki.com]] © Osmosoft
<html>Aqui encontraras todos los apuntes correspondientes a la sección de electricidad.<br /></html>
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<html>!Tema 1. Campo y potencial eléctrico.<br />Objetivo: El alumno determinará campo eléctrico, diferencial de potencial y trabajo cuasiestático en arreglos de cuerpos geométricos con carga eléctrica uniformemente distribuida.<br /><br />!Contenido.<br /><ol><li>[[Carga eléctrica]]</li><ol><li>[[Distribuciones de carga lineal|Carga lineal]]<br /></li><li>[[Distribuciones de carga superficial|Carga superficial]]<br /></li><li>[[Distribuciones de carga volumétrica|Carga volumétrica]]<br /></li></ol><li>[[Ley de Coulomb]]</li><ol><li>[[Constante de Coulomb]]<br /></li></ol><li>[[Campo eléctrico]]</li><li>Campo eléctrico por distribuciones contínuas de carga<br /></li><ol><li>Campo eléctrico producido por una línea cargada<br /></li><li>Campo eléctrico producido por un anillo circular carga<br /></li><li>Campo eléctrico por una superficie circular cargada<br /></li></ol><li>[[Flujo eléctrico]]</li><li>[[Ley de Gauss]]</li><li>[[Energía potencial]] y [[Potencial eléctrico]]</li><li>[[Diferencia de potencial]]</li><li>[[Gradiente de potencial]] eléctrico<br /></li></ol><br /><br /></html>
<html>!Tema 2. Capacitancia y dieléctricos<br />Objetivo: El alumno calculara la capacitancia de un sistema y la energía potencial eléctrica en el almacenada.<br /><br />!Contenido<br /><ol><li>[[Dieléctrico]]<br /></li><li>[[Capacitancia]]</li><li>[[Capacitor]]</li><ol><li>[[Capacitor de placas planas paralelas|Capacitor placas planas]]<br /></li><li>[[Cálculo de Capacitancias]]</li></ol><li>Energía almacenada en un capacitor</li><li>Arreglos de capacitores</li><ol><li>Capacitor equivalente</li></ol><li>Polarización de la materia</li><li>[[Rigidez dieléctrica]]</li><li>Susceptibilidad, permitividad y permitividad relativa</li><ol><li>Campo vectorial de desplazamiento eléctrico</li></ol></ol><br /></html>
<html>!Tema 3. Circuitos eléctricos<br />Objetivo: El alumno analizará el comportamiento de circuitos eléctricos resistivos, en particular, calculará las transformaciones de energía asociadas y obtendrá el modelo matemático que relaciona las variable involucradas.<br /><br />!Contenidos<br /><br /><ol><li>[[Corriente eléctrica|Corriente electrica]]</li><ol><li>Densidad de corriente eléctrica</li></ol><li>Ley de Ohm</li><ol><li>Conductividad</li><li>Resistividad</li></ol><li>Ley de Joule</li><li>Arreglos de Resistores</li><ol><li>Resistor equivalente<br /></li></ol><li>Fuerza electromotríz</li><li>Nomenclatura básica de circuitos eléctricos</li><li>Leyes de Kirchhoff</li><li>Circuito RC en serie</li><ol><li>Aplicaciones<br /></li></ol></ol>\n</html>
<html>!Tema 4. Magnetostática<br />Objetivo: El alumno determinará el campo magnético debido distribuciones de corriente eléctrica, calculará la fuerza magnética sobre los conductores portadores de corriente, obtendrá experimentalmente el modelo matemático que relaciona las variables físicas anteriores y comprenderá el principio de operación del motor de corriente directa.<br /><br />!Contenido<br /><ol><li>[[Fuerza magnética|Fuerza magnetica]]</li><li>Expresión de Lorentz</li><li>Campo magnético</li><li>[[Ley de Biot-Savart]]</li><ol><li>Campo magnético en un conductor recto</li><li>Campo magnético en una espira circular</li><li>Campo magnético en una espina cuadrada</li><li>Campo magnético en una bobina</li><li>Campo magnético en un solenoide</li></ol><li>Flujo magnético</li><li>Ley de Gauss</li><li>Ley de Ampere</li><li>Motor de corriente directa</li></ol><br />\n</html>